tuwe/i-

This lexeme is attested on both Lycian B inscriptions TL 44d and TL 55. TL 44 is the pillar of Xanthos, dated stylistically to around 400 BCE and contextually to shortly after the ascension of the Persian emperor Artaxerxes II in 405-404 BCE (Borchhardt & Eichner 1997-1999a:19f.). The inscription TL 55 is found engraved on the lion sarcophagus of Antiphellos, dated stylistically to shortly after 400 BCE (Zahle 1979a:318, Mühlbauer 2007a:91).

[O.B.]

acc. sg.	tuwi	TL 44c.50 (Xanthos)
		TL 44d.34 (Xanthos)
		TL 55.5 (Antiphellos)
acc. pl.	tuwiz	TL 44d.70 (Xanthos)

It is not clear whether the attestation tuwijẹ^!di, found on TL 44d.1 and discussed under Lyc. B tuwi(je)- ‘your (?)’, should rather be adduced here. If so, it would be consequential for the stem formation of tuwe/i- (see Stem).

[O.B.]

The meaning given here follows Gusmani 1968c:8 n. 40, Shevoroshkin 2002c:409, DLL:133 and Sasseville 2021d. The most illustrative examples are TL 44c.50 and TL 55.5. On TL 55.5, the acc. sg. form tuwi is governed by the verb sla-^(ti) ‘to offer in sacrifice’. Moreover, tuwi agrees with waxsa on TL 44c.50, which according to Sasseville 2021d means ‘bread’. On the basis of these usages, a meaning ‘votive offering’ is likely. In light of the possible connection to ta-^(di) ‘to place (horizontally)’, perhaps more specifically ‘laid votive offering’.

According to Schürr 2016d:174, tuwi means ‘in the land’, i.e. a locative form of a noun **tuwe/i- ‘land’ (see also the discussion under Lyc. A tuwi(je)- ‘your’). Provided that the verb xñtaba-^(ti) means ‘to rule’ (cf. Lyc. A xñtawa-^(ti) ‘to rule’), this meaning would fit well on TL 44d.70, where the acc. pl. tuwiz is the direct object of the 3sg. impv. act. form xñtabatu. However, the base noun underlying the verb xñtaba- does not mean ‘rule’ or similar, but rather occurs in a sacrificial context (see Sasseville 2021a:54). Thus, a meaning ‘votive offering’ is more appropriate in this attestation as well.

The translation of tuwe/i- by Meriggi 1936b:281 as ‘Wunsch’ is outdated. Thus also ‘Stele, Denkmal’ and ‘Stiftung’ (Shevoroshkin 1969a:271).

[O.B.]

If the attestation tuwijẹ^!di is adduced here as well (see Forms), the stem formation would need to be modified to a substantivized stem in -i(je)-, i.e. tuwi(je)-. If not, tuwe/i- remains the more plausible analysis, considering that tuwi(je)- requires an additional assumption in the substantivization of an adjective in -i(je)-.

Lyc. B tuwe/i- is often connected to the verb tuwe-^(ti) ‘to place (vertically)’ (cf. Meriggi 1936b:281). However, provided that tuwe/i- can refer to bread, a compelling alternative is to view the word as derivative of ta-^(di) ‘to place (horizontally)’ instead. Bread is typically laid down rather than stood up. Under this analysis, tuwe/i- ‘laid offering’ contrasts with Lyc. B tuwẽme(/i)- in the sense of ‘standing offering’. For the stem formation, cf. Lyc. A xruwe/i- ‘offering’ from Lyc. B xra-^(di) ‘to offer’.

[O.B.]

For the derivational base, see ta-^(di).