išḫa-
‘to bind (?)’
- Language
- Palaic
- Grammar
- verb
- ID
- 1558
1. Individual Anatolian Languages
1.1 Palaic
išḫa-
‘to bind (?)’1.1.1Transmission
This word is attested on a small fragment newly attributed to the Palaic language.
[D.S.]
1.1.2Forms
| 3sg. pret. ind. act. | ˹iš-ḫa-az˺(=) | KBo 60.236 iv? 2’ | (CTH 754, NS) |
The expected form *išḫat followed by the reflexive particle =ti has prompted an epenthesis between the two alveolars, thus išḫaz=ti.
[D.S.]
1.1.3Graphic Features
Checked against the photographs in the Konkordanz (Mainzer Fotoarchiv).
[D.S.]
1.1.4Meaning
Although the context is fragmentary, the obvious verbal form is surely related to Hitt. išḫāi-/-i(ya)-(ḫi) ‘to bind’, the root of which is also seen in Palaic išḫiyandu, ešḫina-(i) and šamēri- c. ‘ram’. Thus, the phrase išḫaz=ti may[…] probably translates as ‘He bound himself …[…]’.
[D.S.]
1.1.5Derivatives
2. Reconstruction
2.1Reconstruction ‘to bind (?)’
Since Pal. išḫa- occurs in a fragmentary context, its historical value must be used very carefully. Nevertheless, if it is correctly interpreted, it represents the root verb of the mi-conjugation, i.e. *sh2éh1-/sh2h1-´ ‘to bind’ (for the shape of the root see the reconstruction of PAnat. *sh2óh1-/sh2h1-´). According to its root shape, it should have ended within the lenited mi-conjugation as in Luwian root verbs (Type II) (Sasseville 2021a:296f., 314f.). This root verb attested only in Palaic must be reconstructed for Proto-Anatolian, which would explain all the Hittite derivatives without the “i-suffix”, e.g. išḫuzzi- n. ‘belt’, išḫanittar- ‘(marriage) bond’, išḫamāi- c. ‘song’ as well as išmēri- n. ‘rein’ (for the etymology of išḫamāi- c. ‘song’ and išḫamāi-/-i(ya)-(ḫi) ‘to sing’, see Sasseville 2021a:437f. against the previous reconstruction of a root *sh2em- as in Oettinger 1979a:465, EDHIL:393f.).
[D.S.]