*sh₂óh₁-/sh₂h₁-´

The root of Hitt. išḫāi-/-i(ya)-^(ḫi) has been reconstructed in various ways in the literature, e.g. *sh₂i̯- (Melchert 1984a:99 Against the assumption of a reduplicated formation continuing Hitt. išḫāi-/-i(ya)-^(ḫi) posited by Melchert 1984a:99 and maintained in Melchert 1994a:111, 164), see Oettinger 1986b:48.), *seh₂- (Oettinger 1979a:461, EDHIL:392f.), *seh₂(i̯)- (Rieken 1999a:364), *seh₂- or *sh₂eh₁- (Jasanoff 2003a:94 n. 7). As pointed out in EDHIL:393, Hittite derivatives such as išḫamāi- c. ‘song’, išḫuzzi- n. ‘belt’ and išḫanittar- ‘(marriage) bond’ as well as išmēri- n. ‘rein’ and Pal. š(a)mēri- c. ‘ram’ show that the -i- is not part of the root. Within a broader inner-Anatolian analysis of the stems in -āi-/-i(ya)-^(ḫi), Sasseville 2021a:429-437 argues that the root of išḫāi-/-i(ya)-^(ḫi) should end in a *-h­­₁, i.e. *sh₂eh₁- ‘to bind’. This can be further supported by the appearance of a Palaic form išḫaz=ti (for išḫat + =ti) on a small fragment (as well as the dative singular abstract noun išḫanni), which would give us the root verb of the mi-conjugation beside the root verb of the ḫi-conjugation, i.e. *sh₂óh₁-/sh₂h₁-´ reshaped as *sh₂oi̯h₁-/sh₂ih₁-´ > Hitt. išḫāi-/-i(ya)-^(ḫi) (Sasseville 2021a:433).

[D.S.]

See also Pal. išḫa-.

PIE *sh₂eh₁- means ‘to bind, tie’ and is an extension of the synonymous root PIE *seh₂-.

The root PIE *sh₂eh₁- ‘to bind, tie’, an extended form of PIE *seh₂- ‘id.’,Formally, the extension might be compared with the one of PIE *h₁ei̯- ‘to go’ : *h₁i̯eh₁- ‘to extend’ vel sim., the latter underlying, e.g., HLuw. /yari-^(ti)/ ‘to extend’ (intr.), as per Oettinger 2004a, Sasseville 2021a:146f.can be reconstructed on the basis of Hitt. išḫāi̯-/-i(ya)-^(ḫi) ‘to bind’, Luw. /hishiya-⁽ⁱ⁾/ ‘id.’ < ḫi-conjugated root verb PAnat. 3sg. *sh₂ói̯h₁ei̯ : 3pl. *sh₂ih₁énti ← *sh₂óh₁-ei̯ : *sh₂h₁-énti, according to Sasseville 2021a:433 with n. 43;Differently EDHIL:391–393, where a paradigm *sh₂-ói̯-ei̯ : *sh₂-i̯-énti is reconstructed.and see also above sub PAnat. Reconstrution. Cf. perhaps also Pal. išḫa- ‘to bind’ (3sg. pret. ind. act. išḫaz=ti) < mi-conjugated root verb PAnat. *sh₂áh₁-/*sh₂h₁-´. A nominal derivative of PIE *sh₂eh₁- in Anatolian is, e.g., PAnat. *sh₂h₁-mer/n- ‘that which binds, rein’ → Hitt. išmeri- n. ‘rein’, Pal. šamēri- /smēri-/ c. ‘ram’ (< *‘the one pertaining to the reins’). According to Sasseville 2021a:438 with n. 53, the root *sh₂eh₁- could furthermore underlie Hitt. išḫanittar- c. ‘relative by marriage’ ← Hitt. *išḫān- < *sh₂eh₁-(o)n-Differently Rieken 1999a:283f., EDHIL:394f., with Hitt. išḫanittar- ← *sh₂-én-, the weak stem of pre-PAnat. *séh₂-n̥/*sh₂-én-, which was formed to the unextended root PIE *seh₂- ‘to bind, tie’ and lives on in Hitt. šaḫḫan- n., CLuw. šaḫḫan- n., which denote “a kind of obligation, service or payment due from land tenants to the real owners of the land” (EDHIL:691).and Hitt. išḫamāi-/-i(ya)-^(ḫi) ‘to sing’, išḫamāi- c. ‘song’ if formed to a basis Hitt. *išḫama- < *sh₂oh₁-mo- ‘binding of words, song’.

[T.S.]