punãma-
‘totality’
- Language
- Lycian A
- Grammar
- subst, c.
- ID
- 728
1. Individual Anatolian Languages
1.1 Lycian A
punãma-
‘totality’1.1.1Transmission
The existence of this lexeme is built on uncertain attestations and, thus, it must be considered tentative. The two attestations adduced here are taken from a dedicatory inscription of Tlos and from the inscribed pillar of Xanthos.
[D.S.]
1.1.2Forms
| nom./acc. coll. | puna[ma?] | TL 44b.2 (Xanthos) |
| abl./instr. | punãmadi | TL 26.7 (Tlos) |
1.1.3Graphic Features
The restoration of puna[ma?] suggested by Eichner 2005a:22 is lexically very persuasive, but it is dependent also on the understanding of the context, in which case puna[ma] would agree with the pronoun =e (nom./acc. pl. n.) and refer anaphorically to the booty (prulija). Differently, Meriggi 1937a:506 reads a damaged ṛ, i.e. punaṛ., which is taken over by Shevoroshkin (apud Neumann 2007a:291) and Schürr 2012a:117, who restores puna[ra?]. Schürr (ibid.) disagrees with the restoration of puna[ma], because a vertical stroke can be partially seen, although no picture is shown, which could disprove the beginning of an
[D.S.]
1.1.4Meaning
The elucidation of the meaning of the Lycian lexeme punãma- (and its derivatives) goes back to Starke 1990a:299, who compares CLuw. puna- and punata/i- ‘all’. It was taken over by Hajnal 1994a:143 and Melchert (DLL:53), who translates punãma- with ‘totality’. The semantics cannot be verified in the context of TL 26, because the sentence is broken off. In TL 44b, on the other hand, the meaning of the other context is clear: ebei : kbija : prulija : ẽti pddãt[i] ijãna=tija : sej=e (a)stte (e)beli : puna[ma?] τere τere : tãmade : zxxazije ‘Here (are) the other war trophies in place, which are Greek. He placed their totality everywhere in the soldiers’ buildings.’. Thus, the meaning ‘totality’ for Lyc. A punãma- is appropriate.
[D.S.]
1.1.5Stem
Starke 1990a:299 treats Lyc. punãma- as a stem in -mãn-, comparing Luwian neuter stems in -man- (followed by Hajnal 1994a:143). This morphological interpretation is not acceptable, because, as far as we know, these stems end up as Lycian stems in -a- collective only, e.g. alãma ‘names’, not as Lycian common gender a-stems (contra Starke ibid, Martínez-Rodríguez 2018a:277). The attestation punãmadi shows an ablative/instrumental ending in -adi, thus of a common gender a-stem. Therefore, Lyc. punãma- c. is better interpreted as a formation in -ma- c.
[D.S.]