/tinant(a)-/, ti-na-ta-
‘tithe’
- Language
- Hieroglyphic Luwian
- Grammar
- subst, n.
- ID
- 2691
1. Individual Anatolian Languages
1.1 Hieroglyphic Luwian
/tinant(a)-/, ti-na-ta-
‘tithe’1.1.1Transmission
This lexeme is attested three times in inscriptions from Commagene and Tabal, dating from c. 800–730 BCE.
[A.P.]
1.1.2Forms
| nom./acc. sg. | /tinantan=za/ | ti-na-ta-za | SULTANHAN, §28 (Tabal) |
| dat./loc. sg. | /tinanti/ | ˹ti˺-na-ti-i | BOYBEYPINARI 1, §3 (Commagene) |
| nom./acc. pl. | /tinanta/ | (ARGENTUM.DARE)ti-na-tá | ANCOZ 1, §2 (Commagene) |
[A.P.]
1.1.3Graphic Features
1.1.3.1Phonological Interpretation
The phonological interpretation of this word is provisional, as it is wholly based on the HLuw. spelling; no direct cognates are known from the other Anatolian languages. The quality of the final dental is probably /nt/, because some attestation use 〈ta〉, which often stands for /-tt-/ (and less frequently /-nt-/), and another uses 〈tá〉, which frequently signifies /-nt-/, see Rieken 2010a:308f. However, a shape as /tinatt(a)-/ is not entirely impossible. Moreover, it may be that the word-medial nasal should be considered a geminate /-nn-/ instead of a singleton /n/, i.e. /tinnant(a)-/.
Because of its meaning, Morpurgo Davies & Hawkins 1987a:285 mention a possible connection to the word family around the number word for ‘ten’, whose HLuw. phonological form is unknown, however. The authors cautiously draw a link to the words for ‘ten’ attested in other Indo-European languages, but while tempting, any such etymological connection would have to surmount serious phonological and morphological issues.
[AH.B.]
1.1.4Meaning
The meaning of this word was first elucidated by Morpurgo Davies & Hawkins 1987a:283-286. Based on the contexts of occurrence, they showed that it denotes a tenth of a full amount, usually given in offering to the gods. Thus e.g. in SULTANHAN, §28: wa/i-tu-u-ta ti-na-ta-za POST+ra/i-ta, approx. /wa=du=tta tinantan=za apparanta/, meaning ‘(But it (scil. the yield of a vineyard) will increase afterwards), and a tithe (shall be) to him (scil. the Storm-god Tarhunt), (and annually 2 sheep shall be to him)’ (cf. Hawkins 2000a:466).
[AH.B.]
1.1.5Stem
The attestations show that the word is a neuter gender noun, which is obvious from the /-an/ ending of the nom./acc. sg. 〈ti-na-ta-za〉 with the attached neuter particle /=sa, =za/. The /-nt-/ part of the stem appears to hint at an early participial formation, but this remains entirely hypothetical until further cognates of the word have surfaced.
[AH.B.]