/mana-/
‘mina’
- Language
- Hieroglyphic Luwian
- Grammar
- subst, c.
- ID
- 2620
1. Individual Anatolian Languages
1.1 Hieroglyphic Luwian
/mana-/, (“SCALPRUM”)ma-na-
‘mina’1.1.1Transmission
This lexeme is attested 12 times in inscriptions from Karkamiš and Emirgazi, dating from the second half of the 13th to the mid 8th century BCE.
[A.P.]
1.1.2Forms
| nom. sg. | /manas/ | (“SCALPRUM”)ma-na-sa | TÜNP 1, §6 (Karkamiš) x2 |
| (“SCA[LPRUM”)ma-na-sa] | KARKAMIŠ A4a, §3 (Karkamiš) | ||
| SCALPRUM-sa | EMİRGAZİ 1A, §17 (Emirgazi) | ||
| EMİRGAZİ 1A, §21 (Emirgazi) | |||
| EMİRGAZİ 1B, §21 (Emirgazi) | |||
| EMİRGAZİ 1C, §17 (Emirgazi) | |||
| EMİRGAZİ 1C, §21 (Emirgazi) | |||
| CEKKE inscr. 2, §12 (Karkamiš) | |||
| nom. pl. | /mananzi/ | (SCALPRUM)ma-na-zi | CEKKE inscr. 2, §8 (Karkamiš) |
| CEKKE inscr. 2, §9 (Karkamiš) | |||
| SCALPRUM-na-zi | CEKKE inscr. 2, §11 (Karkamiš) |
The attestation at TÜNP 1, §7 is followed by a couple more signs, viz. 〈-ha-na〉. With Yakubovich 2010a:389f., these are taken as the enclitics /=ha=an/ ‘and him’ contra Hawkins 2000a:155f.Note that in Hawkins 2000a’s edition, the word is assumed to belong to §6.
[A.P.]
1.1.3Graphic Features
1.1.3.1Phonological Interpretation
The phonological interpretation of this word was long unclear, also because of its unclear meaning, thus still Laroche 1960c:141. Eventually, Hawkins & Morpurgo Davies 1982a:96 suggested the interpretation as /mana-/, followed by scholars since.
In spelling, the word consistently shows the logogram SCALPRUM (sign *268), either as a logographic determinative or covering part of the phonological shape of the word. The logogram typically accompanies words denoting objects made of stone, see e.g. Hawkins & Morpurgo Davies 1982a:96. As Payne 2018a:103 n. 9 points out, SCALPRUM may serve the purpose of differentiating between the present noun /mana-/ ‘mina’ and the perhaps homophonous verb HLuw. /m(a)na-(di)/ ‘to see, look upon’ and its word family, with SCALPRUM marking the tool that is used to furnish the object denoted, i.e. the weight and currency measure.
[AH.B.] [A.P.]
1.1.4Meaning
The semantic interpretation as the weight measure ‘mina’ was put forward by Hawkins & Morpurgo Davies 1982a:96, who draw on evidence from neighbouring languages for both the phonological shape as well as the semantic content. The meaning becomes obvious e.g. in CEKKE inscr. 2, §11: wa/i BOS(ANIMA) 15 OVIS ka-na-pu-ia(URBS) 2 SCALPRUM-na-zi ARGENTUM-za (PANIS.PITHOS)á-zá-li-sá DARE-mi-na, approx. /wa wawis … hawis KanaPuya tuwinzi mananzi inzagan=za azzallis piyamina/, translating as ‘One bull (and) 15 sheep to (the town) KanaPu, two minas (of) silver (and? / as?) a feast are to be given’ (cf. Hawkins 2000a:145, see Melchert 2004c for the verbal forms in /-mina/).
[AH.B.]
1.1.5Stem
The word is treated as a common gender a-stem in HLuw., but very probably represents a loanword from Akkadian, see Hawkins & Morpurgo Davies 1982a:96 and CAD M1:219.
[AH.B.]
1.1.6Origin
As pointed out by Hawkins & Morpurgo Davies 1982a:96, this word is likely borrowed from Akkadian, cf. also CAD M1:219.
[AH.B.]