/arnu(wa)-(i)/, CRUS+RA/I-nu-wa/i-
‘to remove (?)’
- Language
- Hieroglyphic Luwian
- Grammar
- verb
- ID
- 2317
1. Individual Anatolian Languages
1.1 Hieroglyphic Luwian
/arnu(wa)-(i)/, CRUS+RA/I-nu-wa/i-
‘to remove (?)’1.1.1Transmission
The lexeme occurs twice in the HLuw. corpus, with one attestation each from Tell Ahmar and from Karkamiš, both dating to the late 10th or early 9th century BCE.
[AH.B.]
1.1.2Forms
|
1sg. pret. act. |
/arnuwahha/ |
CRUS+RA/I-nu-wa/i-ha |
|
|
3pl. pret. act. |
/arnuwanta/ |
CRUS+RA/I |
The form in KARKAMIŠ A11a, §5 is usually taken as an attestation of the verb CRUS+RA/I ‘to stand’ (see e.g. Hawkins 2000a:97), but see discussion of meaning below.
[AH.B.]
1.1.3Graphic Features
1.1.3.1Phonological Interpretation
Because of its low number of occurrences and partially logographic spelling, the phonological form of the present lexeme is not entirely certain. It very likely has a cognate in Hittite arnu-(mi) ‘to move, transport; to remove’, cf. HED A:162-167, and the form suggested here therefore emulates that. It should be noted that the spelling of the present lexeme corresponds to that of the verb CRUS+RA/I ‘to stand’, which occurs much more frequently in the corpus, but is only ever spelt 〈CRUS+RA/I〉 or very rarely just 〈CRUS〉 without any further hints as to its inflectional endings, cf. the remarks on the verbs’ relationship by Hawkins 2000a:238.
In a different analysis (Sasseville 2021a:471), the present verb has been linked to CLuw. aranuwa-(i) ‘to confer ownership (?)’ (cf. Melchert 1999a:244f.) and would hence be read /aranuwa-/, but this is semantically unlikely; see the discussion of meaning below.
[AH.B.]
1.1.4Meaning
The present interpretation follows a first suggestion by Hawkins 2000a:238 and a more definite one by Yakubovich 2017c:19f. In the HLuw. corpus, the verb is clearly transitive, as is common for verbs in /-nu(wa)-/, and thereby differentiated from the similar spelt verb CRUS+RA/I ‘to stand’, which is always intransitive and corresponds to the medio-passive Hittite verb ar- ‘to stand’. In ALEPPO 2, §11, the direct object is realised doubly with the acc. sg. noun /atrin/ ‘likeness’ and the acc. sg. enclitic pronoun /=an/ in a construction that is probably a partitive apposition: “COR”-tara/i-pa-wa/i-na NEG2-a kwa/i-i-ha a-tá CRUS+RA/I-nu-wa/i-ha, i.e. /atrin=ba=wa=an na kwin=ha anta arnuwahha/ ‘I have not removed any likeness of him (lit. not removed him, (removed) any likeness)’. It is this same transitivity that is the reason for the form in KARKAMIŠ A11a, §5 also being assigned to the present lexeme, because the clause *a-mi-zi-pa-wa/i-mu-ta 20-tá-ti-zi ARHA CRUS+RA/I, i.e. /amminzi=ba=wa=mu=tta 20-tadinzi ahha arnuwatta/, very likely continues the subject from the previous clause, /massaninzi/ ‘gods’, instead of introducing a new one. /amminzi 20-tadinzi/ then constitutes the direct object, and the clause translates as ‘…, but they (scil. the gods) removed my 20-tadi kinsmen entirely.’
Contra Sasseville 2021a:471f., the present lexeme is probably not the same as CLuw. aranuwa-(i) ‘to confer ownership (?)’, whose semantics would be difficult to accommodate in the HLuw. contexts.
[AH.B.]
1.1.5Stem
The formation is a derivation in /-nu(wa)-(i)/, which is used to build deverbal causatives as well as denominal factitives and inflects according to the ḫi-conjugation (Sasseville 2021a:462-464). Clearly a transitive, it is very probably derived from intransitive Luw. /ar-(ti)/ ‘to move, come’, which is cognate with Hittite ār-/ar-(ḫi) ‘to come, arrive’, cf. also Hawkins 2000a:238.
[AH.B.]