*ku̯éh3s-n-/*ku̯h3s-én-
‘wage, rental (price)’
- Language
- Proto-Anatolian
- Grammar
- subst
- ID
- 1897
1. Individual Anatolian Languages
1.1 Lycian A
qehn͂n-
‘rental (?)’1.1.1Transmission
This lexeme is attested in the inscription of the inscribed pillar of Xanthos, dated contextually to shortly after the ascension of Artaxerxes II in 405-404 BCE and stylistically to around 400 BCE (Borchhardt & Eichner 1997-1999a:19f.) as well as on a newly found decree from Limyra (Christiansen 2012a).
[D.S.]
1.1.2Forms
| dat. sg. | qehñni | N 337.12 (Limyra) |
| qehñ[n]i | TL 44b.35-36 (Xanthos) | |
| abl./instr. | qehñnedi | TL 44b.31 (Xanthos) |
1.1.3Graphic Features
The full attestation of qehñ//[n]i owes its existence to the join made in Schürr & Dönmez 2015a, which renders the earlier form qehn͂ (nom./acc. sg.) obsolete (as previously assumed by Schürr 2012a:116). The word qehn͂ni is followed twice by m͂mẽ without word divider, which may indicate a compound (but not a participle, as that does not have a “geminate” after a stem in -i-, see Sasseville 2021a:154); cf. Christiansen 2012a:146 and Schürr & Dönmez 2015a:139, 143.
[D.S.]
1.1.4Meaning
Thanks to the etymological connection of Neumann 1979a:27 (see also under derivative), qehn͂n- and its denominal verb qehn͂ni-(ti) have been connected to Hitt. kuššan- n. ‘wage, hire, rental price’ and kuššaniye/a-(mi) ‘to hire, rent’, which shed light on the contexts (followed by Christiansen 2012a:146, Schürr & Dönmez 2015a:143, Gehrisch 2018a:209-212, Sasseville 2021a:160). Concerning the nominal base, it occurs twice before the word m͂mẽ, which is surely the genitive plural of m͂me/i- ‘building, house’, and also in the ablative-instrumental in a context pertaining to the relation between Lycia and the Persians during the war. Therefore, the translation ‘rental (price) of houses/buildings’, referring to houses provided by the Lycian ruler to the Persians is insightful (pace Schürr & Dönmez 2015a:143). Likewise, the phrase qehñnedi pd[dãtij]edi (TL 44b.35-36) ‘rental of places/areas’ for the military precincts of the foreign troops is entirely adequate. Outdated Shevoroshkin 1977a:131-134 “progeny”.
[D.S.]
1.1.5Derivatives
1.2 Lydian
*qašãn-
‘rental (?)’1.2.1Derivatives
2. Reconstruction
2.1Reconstruction ‘wage, rental (price)’
Comparing Hitt. kuššan- with Lyc. qehñn- and Lyd. *qašãn- ‘rental’, a Proto-Anatolian n-stem can be reconstructed, i.e. *ku̯eh3s-En- (Sasseville 2021a:160). The identity of the laryngeal can be narrowed down to *h3, since *h2 does not assimilate to -s- beside *-s-. Further, *h1 is excluded, since we know a Pre-Lycian back vowel *o or *a to explain the retention of the labio-velar as Lyc. q- (see Sasseville 2021a:160 with further literature). The divergence between the zero-grade in the Hittite cognate as opposed to a full grade in the Lycian and Lydian cognates is indicative of a proterokinetic paradigm.We owe these results to the M.A. thesis of Jonas Döll.
[D.S.]