/kaluna-/, (*255/256)ka-lu/a/i-na-
‘granary’
- Language
- Hieroglyphic Luwian
- Grammar
- subst
- ID
- 1473
1. Individual Anatolian Languages
1.1 Hieroglyphic Luwian
/kaluna-/, (*255/256)ka-lu/a/i-na-
‘granary’1.1.1Transmission
The earliest attestation of this lexeme is found in MARAŞ 8 dated to the reign of Larama (1000-950 BCE).
[D.S.]
1.1.2Forms
| acc. sg. | /kalunan/ | (“*255”)ka-ru-na-na | İSKENDERUN, §3 (Malatya) |
| (“*255”)ka-lu/a/i-na-na | HAMA 8, §2 (Hama) | ||
| (*256)ka-*282-na | KARKAMIŠ A30h, §1 (Karkamiš) | ||
| (*255)ka-lu/a/i-na(=) | MARAŞ 8, §7 (Maraş) | ||
| dat. sg. | /kaluna/ | (*255)ka-lu/a/i-na | MARAŞ 8, §7 (Maraş) |
| acc. pl. | /kalunanzi/ | (˹“˺*255”)ka-ru-na-zi | KARATEPE 1 Hu., §7 (Cilicia) |
| (*255)ka-ru-na-zi | KARATEPE 1 Ho., §7 (Cilicia) | ||
| (*256)ka-lu/a/i-na-zi | |||
| TELL AHMAR 5, §16 (Tell Ahmar) |
1.1.3Graphic Features
For a study on the logogram *255 and *256 and their new interpretations as HORREUM and HORREUM2 see van den Hout 2010b.
[D.S.]
1.1.3.1Phonological Interpretation
Since the earliest attestation of /kaluna-/ spelled with the sign -lu/a/i- is in the 10th century BCE., the alternation of -lu/a/i- versus -ru- in the later period points towards an etymological -l- undergoing rhotacism and rather than towards hypercorrection; cf. Hawkins 1996-1997a:113, Hawkins 2000a:254. Nevertheless, an etymological -r- cannot be entirely excluded.
[D.S.]
1.1.4Meaning
Hrozný 1939a:2 n. 4 analyses the determinative of the /kaluna-/ as a kind of house and gathers from the context that the lexeme must be something that can contain a high number of objects. Furthermore, he adduces the Akkadian word karû ‘wheat’ and suggests that Luwian /kaluna-/ is borrowed from it. Bossert 1948a:184f. on the other hand assumes that the determinative of /kaluna-/ refers to a kind of brick. In the KARATEPE inscription, /kaluna-/ corresponds to Phoenician ‘QRT, whose root refers to a construction of some sort in other Semitic languages. In the end, he agrees with Hrozný on the semantic assignment. Furthermore, the contexts support the meaning ‘granary’, considering e.g. that /kaluna-/ is the direct object of the verb /suwa-(i)/ ‘to fill’ (Laroche 1960c:135, HHG:72, Hawkins 2000a:260). van den Hout 2010b:234 adds that the mention of cereals in some contexts and of cereal measure in the context of ISKENDERUN supports the semantic assignment. Furthermore, he demonstrates the picture of the signs *255 and *256 refer to underground silos viewed from above.
[D.S.]
1.1.5Origin
Hrozný 1939a:2 n. 4 suggests that HLuw. /kaluna-/ is borrowed from Assyrian karû ‘wheat’ and then extended with the Luwian suffix -na-. The Assyrian word for granary, i.e. karmu (Faist & Llop 2012a), could sound like Hieroglyphic Luwian /kaluna-/, but this may be due to chance.
[D.S.]