*lus-

The comparison of the HLuw. root */lus-/ with Lycian B *lus- allows for only one possible reconstruction, i.e. Proto-Luwic *lus- ‘to disappear (vel sim.)’. In Luwian an intransitive formation in *-i̯é/ó- is found, i.e. /lusi-^(ti)/ (*lus-i̯é/ó-), as well as a transitive reduplicated formation /luslusa-/. With respect to this root, Lycian has evidence for only nominal formations so far, e.g. lusa- c. < Proto-Luwic *lusā- < PIE *lus-éh₂- ‘disappearance, destruction’.

Considering the semantics of disappearing, the best possible option is the Proto-Indo-European neo-root *leu̯s representing a reanalyzed old desiderative in *-s- to a root *leu̯H- ‘to cut off, release’ (cf. Gk. λύω ‘to release’, Ved. lunā́ti ‘he cuts off’, Goth. fra-liusan ‘to lose’) as suggested in Sasseville 2021a:135. Contra Yakubovich (apud Shevoroshkin 2015a:195), who assumes that the root */lus-/ is a phonetic variant of */luzz-/, for which see under lemma HLuw. /luzzall(i)-/. The presence of the laryngeal in Luwic cannot be derived based on Hieroglyphic Luwian and Lycian, where the geminate -ss- < *-Hs- is not spelled out.

[D.S.]

The PIE root *leu̯H- means ‘to cut off, release’, according to LIV²:417 and EIEC:481. Similarly Watkins 2000a:48 s.v. leu-¹: “To loosen, divide, cut apart”. For the semantics of Proto-Luwic *lus- ‘to disappear’ vel sim., see above sub PAnat. Reconstruction. 

A root-final laryngeal of unidentified quality is suggested by Vedic (cf. pres. lunā́- ‘to cut off’ < PIE nasal-infix pres. *lu-né-H-) and Tocharian (cf. TochB lyuwa pret. I ‘sent’ < PIE aor. *luH-), but also by forms such as Gk. βου-λῡτός ‘time for unyoking oxen, evening’ (< *-luHto-), Lat. so-lūtus PPP ‘loosed, released’ (< *-luH-to-). Aniṭ-forms are considered secondary, cf. LIV²:417 n. 1. As far as the verbal stem formation is concerned, a root aorist *léu̯H-/*luH-´ can be reconstructed on the basis of Gk. λύτο (ῠ) aor. ‘loosened, freed’ and TochB lyuwa, TochA lyu pret. I ‘sent’ (LIV²:417). As for present stems, there is good evidence in favor of an n-infix pres. PIE *lu-né-H-/*lu-n-H-´, which is reflected by Ved. lunā́- and Russ. lúnut’ ‘to shoot off, release’ (LIV²:417, LIV²⁺ s.v. *leu̯H-). Gk. λύω ‘I loosen, untie, release’ and Lat. luere ‘to suffer, make amends for’, on the other hand, can be traced back to a thematic present PIE *luH-é/ó- (LIV²:417). An s-extended (laryngealless?) root variant *leu̯(H)s-Perhaps a former desiderative in *-s- to the root *leu̯H-, cf. LIV²:417 and above sub PAnat. Reconstruction. is preserved in Germanic (PGerm. *leu̯se/a- pres. ‘to lose’ [Goth. fra-liusan ‘to lose’ etc.] < PIE *léu̯se/o-)Cf., e.g., Lühr 2000a:145 and Watkins 2000a:48. In LIV²:417 with n. 7, PGerm. *leu̯s° is derived from a potential PIE desiderative stem *léu̯H-s-/*luH-s-´. and in Anatolian (cf. Proto-Luwic *lus- ‘to disappear’ vel sim., see above sub PAnat. Reconstruction). For various nominal formations derived from PIE *leu̯H-, cf. IEW:681f. s.v. 2.leu-.

[T.S.]

Ved. lunā́ti pres. ‘cuts off’ (Br+), á-lūna- adj. ‘unshorn, not shaved’ (MS), etc.; MPers. lwn- /rūn-/ ‘to pluck, pull out’, Oss. lyg/lux ‘cut, cutting (off)’, etc.Cf., e.g., EWAia II:476, LIV²:417 with n. 4, EDIV:317f. 

Gk. λύω pres. ‘I loosen, untie, release’, λύτο (ῠ) aor. ‘loosened, freed’ (Il. 21.114),Cf., e.g., GEW II:149f., LIV²:417 with n. 2 and 6, EDG:881f. βουλῡτός m. ‘time for unyoking oxen, evening’, βουλῡτόνδε adv. ‘towards even, at eventide’ (Hom.),Cf., e.g., GEW I:259f., EDG:231. etc.

Lat. luere, -ō ‘to suffer, make amends for’ (Acc.+),Cf., e.g., EDLIL:353f. with further lit. solvere, -ō ‘to loose (an object bound), release, set free’ (Plaut.+)< *se-luere, cf., e.g., Lühr 2000a:145, EDLIL:573 with further lit. 

OIr. as·loī ‘flees, escapes’Cf., e.g., LIV²⁺ s.v. *leu̯H- with n. 6a and lit. 

Goth. fra-liusan ‘to lose’, OE for-lēosan ‘id.’, OS far-liosan ‘id.’, OHG far-liosan ‘id.’Cf., e.g., Lühr 2000a:145, LIV²:417 with n. 7, EDPG:334. 

Russ. lúnut’ ‘to shoot off, release’Cf., e.g., LIV²:417, LIV²⁺ s.v. *leu̯H-. 

TochA lu^ā-, TochB lu^ā- ‘to send’Cf., e.g., Malzahn 2010a:853f., DTB²:602f.