/luzzall(i)-/, (“FLAMMAE”)la/i/u-za-li-
‘complete sacrificial burning, holocaust’
- Language
- Hieroglyphic Luwian
- Grammar
- subst, common
- ID
- 1302
1. Individual Anatolian Languages
1.1 Hieroglyphic Luwian
/luzzall(i)-/, (“FLAMMAE”)la/i/u-za-li-
‘complete sacrificial burning, holocaust’1.1.1Transmission
The present lexeme occurs twice within the same inscription from Hama, dating to the mid-9th century BCE.
[AH.B.]
1.1.2Forms
| acc. sg. | /luzzallin/ | (“FLAMMAE?”)la/i/u-za-li-na | HAMA 4, §11 (Hama) |
| (“FLAMMAE?+LA/I/U”)la/i/u-za-li | HAMA 4, §14 (Hama) |
The attestation in HAMA 4, A4§14 is followed by a string of clitics: 〈-ha-wa/i〉, i.e. /=ha=wa/, which obscure the /n/ of the case ending.
[AH.B.]
1.1.3Graphic Features
1.1.3.1Phonological Interpretation
The phonological interpretation of this lexeme has seen some discussion among scholars. Because the sign 〈la/i/u〉 (*445) was, for a long time, not identified as fully vocalically polyvalent also for the later period of HLuw. (see e.g. Laroche 1960c:228f., and Hawkins 2000a:28 for a newer description), the commonly assumed reading for this word used to be /lazzali-/ (thus e.g. Hawkins 1975a:138 and Marazzi 1990b:387). Hawkins 2000a:405f. reassessed the word, linking it to Hittite verbs luk(k)- and lukkiye/a- ‘to set fire to’ (cf. CHD L:76, 78f.).
[AH.B.]
1.1.4Meaning
Hawkins 1975a:138 (reiterated in Hawkins 1979b:155) determined the meaning of this lexeme as belonging to the semantic field of burning due to the use of the logogram FLAMMAE (*477), whose interpretation goes back to Meriggi (HHG:211), although Hawkins 2000a:405f. refrains from translating the clauses in HAMA 4. His views were followed and elaborated by Poetto 1979b:673, who suggests that the specific meaning is actually a holocaust-type sacrificial burning.
[AH.B.]
1.1.5Stem
This lexeme constitutes the substantivized version of the unattested adjective */luzzalla/i-/ ‘destructive’ vel sim.The derivational base for the adjective could be cognate with the base for the HLuw. verb /luslusa-(i)/. As a formation in /-alla/i-/, it shows i-mutation.
[AH.B.]
2. Reconstruction
2.1Reconstruction
The word /luzzall(i)-/, which refers to a sacrificial burning, could be analysed in different ways. If one uses the root of Hitt. lukk- ‘to light up, dawn’ (< PIE *leu̯k-), a formation in *-i̯e/o- (as in Hitt. lukkiye/a-(mi)) causing palatalization of the preceding velar, i.e. *leu̯ki̯e/o- > /luzz-/, would be necessary to explain the outcome /-zz-/ in Luwian. A different approach would be to connect it with the root /lus-/, but to assume an old formation in *-sk̑e/o- (> Luw. /-zza-(i)/) instead, i.e. *lu(s)-sk̑e/o- > Luw. /luzz-/. Based on the current state of research, it is not possible to decide between the possibilities. Yakubovich (apud Shevoroshkin 2015a:195) suggests a different scenario to reconcile the roots of /lus-/ and /luzzall(i)-/ by assuming a dissimilation of *luzti > */lusti/, which is not supported in any way; the verb ‘to eat’ /ad-(ti)/ and its allomorph /az-/ show that no change of /z/ to /s/ occurs.
[D.S.]