lāpana-

The attestations are found in cult inventories, treaties, and festival texts (all New Script). It is also attested as a place name, i.e. ^URULapana (DLL:62, HED L:61), and a divine name, i.e. ^DLapanā- (HED L:61).

[E.R.]

nom. sg.	la-pa-na-aš	DAAM 1.36 i 40, 45	(CTH 529, NS)
	[?l]a-pa-na-aš	DAAM 1.36 iii 4’	(CTH 529, NS)
acc. sg.	la-pa-na-an	DAAM 1.36 ii 7	(CTH 529, NS)
		Bo 86/299 ii 10	(CTH 106, NS)
	la-pa-na-an-n(=)	KBo 4.10 obv. 35’	(CTH 106, NS)
dat./loc. sg.	la-a-pa-ni	Bo 86/299 ii 6	(CTH 106, NS)
	la-pa-ni!	KBo 4.10 obv. 33’	(CTH 106, NS)
gen. adj. nom. sg. c.	⸢la⸣-[pa-n]a-aš-⸢ši⸣-i[š]	KUB 2.1 iv 16	(CTH 682, NS)
gen. adj. nom. pl. c.	[la-pa-n]a-aš-ši-⸢eš⸣	KUB 44.16 iv 15’	(CTH 682, NS)

The formulaic language of the cult inventory text makes a nom. sg. lapanaš at DAAM 1.36 iii 4’ more likely than a gen. or dat./loc. pl.

[E.R.]

Checked against the photographs in the Mainzer Fotoarchiv. – The reconstruction of the gloss wedges in DAAM 1.36 iii 4 follows Cammarosano 2018a:392.* – For the reading la-pa-ni^! wa-a-ni-ia at KBo 4.10 obv. 33’, see under la-pa-nu-u-wa-a-ni-ia.

[E.R.]

The earlier translation as ‘summer pasture’ going back to Güterbock 1956a:122 and generally followed (see DLL:62f., HW:358, 425, Kronasser 1966a:183, Laroche 1966b:260, CHD L-N:40f., Otten 1988a:16f., 66, Starke 1990a:230-232, HHw:82, HEG L-N:33f., van den Hout 1995a:282, Ünal 2007a:395) was superseded by Watkins’ (Watkins 1997a:29-32) contextual interpretation as ‘salt-lick’. It was based on the passages Bo 86/299 ii 4-15 and IBoT 2.131 rev. 17-19, which are about the vassal’s right to exploit a particular salt-lick and the delivery of salt by salt-lick wardens, respectively. It has been mostly accepted since (see CLL:125, HED L:60f., Devecchi 2015a:165, DCL:s.v.; different Kitchen & Lawrence 2012a:635-637).

[E.R.]

In Hittite, the noun belongs to the common gender a-stems, whereas for Luwian, Starke 1982b:362, 363 (Starke 1990a:231f.) plausibly claims an n-stem, thematized only in the course of borrowing into Hittite (undecided CLL:125, DCL:s.v.). However, his proposal that the word is an instance of suffix ablaut in an n-stem must be rejected; cf. for the misread form †la-ap^!-na-al-li-iš at KBo 29.38 obv. 6’, see under CLuw. lapanalla/i-.

[E.R.]

1. lapanalla/i-
2. lapanallaḫi(t)-
3. lapanalli(ya)-

On account of the gloss-wedge marks, the attestation of the derivative lapanalla/i- in Luwian context, and the typically Luwian suffixes (-ašša/i-, -alla/i-, -all-i(ya)-, and -aḫi(t)-) and endings (-anza) in the derivatives found in Hittite transmission, it can be safely assumed that the whole word family originates in Luwian (thus DLL:62f., Carruba 1980b:362, CHD L-N:40, CLL:125, Starke 1990a:230-232, HEG L-N:33f., Watkins 1997a:30, HED L:60f., HHw:92, Melchert 2005a:450, van den Hout 2006a:240, DCL:s.v.; still undecided Güterbock 1956a:122).

[E.R.]

*The forms in the table were checked together with Marian Wehrstein.

For the lemma head see CLuw. *lapa-.