ppuwe-(ti)
‘to inscribe, write’
- Language
- Lycian A
- Grammar
- verb
- ID
- 3806
1. Individual Anatolian Languages
1.1 Lycian A
ppuwe-(ti)
‘to inscribe, write’1.1.1Transmission
This lexeme is attested in the inscription of the inscribed pillar of Xanthos, dated contextually to shortly after the ascension of Artaxerxes II in 405-404 BCE and stylistically to around 400 BCE (Borchhardt & Eichner 1997-1999a:19f.). It is also attested in the trilingual inscription of the Letoon dated to 337 BCE (Wagner 2011a:156 with further literature), and in a grave inscription dated to the reign of Perikle (between 385/80 and 362/60 BCE)
[D.S.]
1.1.2Forms
| 3sg. pres. act. | ppuweti | N 320.23 (Xanthos) |
| puweti (or p<p>uweti?) | TL 44c.9-10 (Xanthos) | |
| 3pl. pres. act. | ppuwẽti | N 320.34 (Xanthos) |
| p̣pu[w]ẽti | TL 83.8 (Arneai) | |
| ppu[..]wẽti | TL 83.13 (Arneai) |
Despite the lacuna, ppu[..]wẽti is contextually expected to contain the same verb as in line 8. There is perhaps a case of dittography that requires emending.
The sole instance of puweti with its “non-reduplicated initial p” may need to be emended to p<p>uweti (pace Sasseville 2021a:375) in view of the other attestations. Therefore, it is listed here together with the reduplicated ppuwe-(ti).
[D.S.]
1.1.3Meaning
When the trilingual inscription was discovered, in which the Lycian verb ppuweti is rendered with Greek ἐγγέγραπται ‘inscribed’, the meaning became clear and the older hypotheses obsolete (see Laroche 1979c:71 and Heubeck 1985a:42f.). For a summary of the outdated literature, see Neumann 2007a:295. Hajnal 1995a:121f. n. 146 sees a stative verb in ppuwe-(ti) ‘to be written’ (undecided Heubeck 1981a:168), which is, however, excluded for certain contexts as pointed out by Melchert (DLL:54) and Sasseville 2021a:375f. A transitive sense is also preferred by Neumann 1984b:92, Heubeck 1985a:42 and Neumann 2007a:279f. with an impersonal use of the verb “one writes”. Sasseville (ibid.) further points out that the direct objects of ppuwe-(ti) are names, laws or rites (all to be inscribed in the rock).
[D.S.]
1.1.4Stem
For the stem formation, see recently Sasseville 2021a:374-376; cf. Hajnal 1995a:121f. n. 46. For the root verb of the lenited mi-conjugation, cf. Lyc. pu-(di).
[D.S.]
For the lemma head see Lyc. pu-(di).