/trawi-(ti)/
‘to hand over, provide’
- Language
- Common Luwian
- Grammar
- verb
- ID
- 3790
1. Individual Anatolian Languages
1.1 Hieroglyphic Luwian
/trawi-(ti)/, (LITUUS)tara/i-wa/i-i-
‘to hand over, provide’1.1.1Transmission
Attested twice in the corpus, this lexeme can be found in two inscriptions from Tell Ahmar and Maraş, which date to the late 10th or early 9th and the late 9th century BCE respectively.
[AH.B.]
1.1.2Forms
| 1sg. pret. act. | /trawihha/ | (LITUUS)tara/i-wa/i-i-ha | TELL AHMAR 6, §12 (Tell Ahmar) |
| (“*69”)tara/i-wa/i-i-ha | İSKENDERUN, §1 (Maraş) |
The two attestations found in İSKENDERUN, §1 and TELL AHMAR 6, §12 involve different logograms as determinatives, which is not uncommon, but has in this case given rise to doubts over whether the two forms should be assigned to the same verb or different ones, see the brief discussion in Hawkins 2006a:23f. and Poetto 2014a:795, but also see below under meaning.
[AH.B.]
1.1.3Graphic Features
1.1.3.1Phonological Interpretation
The phonological interpretation of the present lexeme can be regarded as reasonably certain, with doubts lingering only over the onset, which was long taken to represent /tara°/ (cf. e.g. Hawkins 2000a:260) and only recently reinterpreted as /tra°/ (Sasseville 2021a:137f.). The remainder of the verb is clear, however, as the attestations are spelt in fully syllabic fashion, showing no variation, and the lexeme has cognate links to verbs in other Anatolian languages, e.g. CLuw. /trawi-/ ‘to hand over, to provide’ and Lyc. trbb(e)i-(di) ‘to hand over’ with different stem formation (Sasseville 2021a:137f.).
[AH.B.]
1.1.4Meaning
The meaning of this lexeme was first suggested by Hawkins 2000a:260 and is supported by Sasseville 2021a:137f., who also explains (contra Poetto 2014a:795) the use of the logogram LITUUS (*378), which is usually found with verbs of perception.
[AH.B.]
1.1.5Stem
Derived with the suffix /-i-(ti)/, this verb is based on a root formation (Sasseville 2021a:137f.).
[AH.B.]
1.2 Cuneiform Luwian
tarāwi-(ti)
‘to hand over, deliver, reveal’1.2.1Transmission
The attestations are limited to the Puriyanni ritual and texts from the Kuwattalla tradition (from MS onwards).
[E.R.]
1.2.2Forms
| 3sg. pret. act. | ⸢ta⸣-ra-a-u-i-it-⸢ta⸣ | KUB 35.54 ii 36’ | (CTH 758, MS) |
| 3sg. impv. act. | da-ra-u-id-du | KUB 35.45 ii 25 | (CTH 760, NS) |
| da-ra-ú-id-du | KUB 35.45 ii 26 | (CTH 760, NS) | |
| [da-ra-ú-id-d]u | KBo 29.10 ii 9’ | (CTH 760, MS?) | |
| [da]-ra-u-i-id-du | KUB 35.48 ii 21’ | (CTH 760, NS) |
1.2.3Graphic Features
Checked against the photographs in the Mainzer Fotoarchiv.*
[E.R.]
1.2.4Meaning
For a long time, the verb tarāwi-(ti) was confused with the HLuw. derivatives of */tarrawa-/ and Luw. 
tarrawa- ‘to establish, institute(?)’ in Hittite transmission (DLL:92, Götze 1963a:60, Josephson 1967a:131, Oettinger 1979a:299, Starke 1990a:387, 470; still Hawkins 2006a:23). Only in the 1990s did it become clear that the forms belonged to two distinct verbs and thus needed to be separated (HEG T:156, CLL:211, Maier 2013a:158, see also Sasseville 2021a:137 n. 13), and about the same time Melchert 1992a:53 suggested a different meaning for the attestations of tarāwi-(ti), viz. ‘to hand over, deliver’, without further comment. The contexts of the verb and the derived abstract noun tarāwiya- confirm his suggestion. As expected, the verb is used transitively and combines with the directional preverb parī ‘forth, away, out’. Accordingly, the translation was generally accepted; cf. CLL:211, Yakubovich 2017b:277, Sasseville 2020c:278-280, Yakubovich & Mouton 2023b:421. Recently, Sasseville 2021a:138 (building on Hawkins 2006a:23) enlarged the semantic field by adding another polysemy, ‘to reveal’.Outdated are DLL:92: ‘to strike down, kill’, followed in HW:426, Houwink ten Cate & Josephson 1967a:131, HEG T:156; Götze 1963a:60f.: ‘to enrich, provide with’, followed in Starke 1990a:387, 470, but see the argument in Melchert 2003c:147 n. 5; Meriggi 1957a:194, ‘to punish’; Poetto 2014a:795 ‘to take care of’; no translation in Rosenkranz 1952a:42 n. 15.
[E.R.]
1.2.5Stem
The forms unambiguously point to a stem in -i-(ti), which Melchert 1992a:54 still regards as denominal, whereas Sasseville 2021a:137f., 190 opts for a deradical verb, built on a root with u-extension.Outdated is Starke 1990a:387 with a base *tarrawa-, which belongs to a different verb; see under Meaning.
[E.R.]
1.2.6Derivatives
*The attestations were checked together with Marian Wehrstein.
For the lemma head see CLuw. *tarāw-.