*h2él-ii̯o-
‘time (measure)’
- Language
- Proto-Anatolian
- Grammar
- subst
- ID
- 3686
1. Individual Anatolian Languages
1.1 Hieroglyphic Luwian
/halli(ya)-/, (“DIES”)ha-li-ia-
‘day’1.1.1Transmission
Attested eleven times, the present lexeme can be found in Cilicia, Karkamiš, and Tabal. All relevant inscriptions are dated to the 8th or early 7th centuries BCE.
[AH.B.]
1.1.2Forms
| nom./acc. pl. or coll. | /halliya/ | (“DIES”)há-li-iá | KARATEPE 1 Ho., §51 (Cilicia) |
| (DIES)há-li-ia | KARATEPE 1 Hu., §51 (Cilicia) | ||
| (DIES)ha-li | KARKAMIŠ A5b, §1 (Karkamiš) | ||
| ha-li-i | ÇİFTLİK, §17 (Tabal) | ||
| BOR, §11 (Tabal) | |||
| dat./loc. pl. | /halliyanz/ | (“DIES”)ha-li-ia-za | KARATEPE 1 Ho., §32 (Cilicia) |
| KARATEPE 1 Hu., §32 (Cilicia) | |||
| (“DIES”)há-li-ia-za | KARATEPE 1 Hu., §35 (Cilicia) | ||
| (DIES)há-li-ia-za | KARATEPE 1 Hu., §36 (Cilicia) | ||
| (“DIES”)ha-li-[ia]-z[a] | KARATEPE 1 Hu., §44 (Cilicia) | ||
| (“DIES<”>)ha-lí-za | KARATEPE 1 Hu., §6 (Cilicia) |
1.1.3Graphic Features
1.1.3.1Phonological Interpretation
The phonological interpretation of this word is assured because of its cognate CLuw. 
ḫalliya ‘day(s)’ (cf. Lebrun 1986a:51-57).No etymological link exists between Hittite šiwatt- ‘day’ and the present HLuw. lexeme, as already noted by Bossert 1952-1953a:328. The HLuw. spelling variations evident in the table of forms above suggest that the attested word forms can be shortened, although this may be less of a temporal development instead of a regional one. Thus the very late KARATEPE bilingual inscription shows a nom./acc. pl. or coll. /halliya/, whereas the older inscriptions from Karkamiš and Tabal employ the shorter form /halli/ for representing the same case form.
Whether or not the dat./loc. pl. form 〈(“DIES〈”〉)ha-lí-za〉 as attested in KARATEPE 1 Hu., §6 is to be taken as a sign of shortening, i.e. as /hallinz/ instead of the expected /halliyanz/, is not altogether clear, because that part of the inscription frequently omits signs, and the expected 〈ia〉 may have been forgotten.
[AH.B.]
1.1.4Meaning
As the lexeme appears a number of times in the KARATEPE bilingual inscription, its general meaning was clear at an early stage in the decipherment of HLuw., because it translates Phoenician b-ymty ‘in my days’. Yet in his edition of the first part of the bilingual, Bossert 1948a:183 hesitated and opted for ‘time(s)’ instead of ‘day(s)’, a stance he reversed in subsequent parts of the edition, see Bossert 1950-1951a:273, followed by scholars ever since, cf. e.g. Meriggi in HHG:48. With the meaning of the fully syllabically spelt word clear, scholars turned their attention to the nature of the accompanying logographic determinative DIES (sign *358). Laroche 1960c:186 speculated about its shape, suggesting it might represent a clepsydra.
See Lebrun 1986a:51-57 for an overview of the words for ‘day’ in the Anatolian languages.Disregarding the now outdated passage on p. 54 regarding HLuw. /tani(ya)-/, which has in the meantime been assigned a different and unrelated meaning.
[AH.B.]
1.1.5Stem
This word has been analysed as a neuter noun, e.g. as an i-stem, which would have been realised as /-i(ya)-/ in several paradigmatic slots (Meriggi 1966b:38). However, this interpretation is complicated by the CLuw. attestations, for which see below.
[AH.B.]
1.2 Cuneiform Luwian
UD.KAM-i(ya)-
‘day’1.2.1Transmission
This logogram is attested in the festival for the Storm-god of Heaven and the Sun-goddess of Arinna as well as in a small ritual fragment.
[D.S.]
1.2.2Forms
| nom. sg. | UD.KAM-iš | KUB 35.133 ii 27’ | (CTH 665, LNS) |
| abl./instr. | UD.KAMḪI.A-t[i? | KUB 35.141, 4’ | (CTH 770, NS) |
Melchert (CLL:296) restores instead UD.KAMḪI.A-z[i?], which is formally possible, although the context, which features a series of nouns and adjectives typical of a beneficial formula, speaks for a restoration of the abl./instr.; cf. the parallel formula in KBo 9.143 iii13’-14’, which also features ḫamšukkallāti.
[D.S.]
1.2.3Graphic Features
Checked against the photographs in the Konkordanz (Mainzer Fotoarchiv).
[D.S.]
1.2.3.1Phonological Interpretation
It is expected that the word hidden behind UD.KAM- should be the same as HLuw. ha-li-ia and ḫalliya. However, this would mean that the word for ‘day’, viz. /halli(ya)-/ is not a neuter noun, but rather a common gender noun; see below for more information on the stem.
[D.S.]
1.2.4Stem
Based on the CLuw. evidence, we are forced to assume that the Luwian noun for ‘day’ is originally an adjective in -i(ya)- substantivized not in the neuter, but in the common gender. The attestations in HLuw. and in Hittite transmission are thus in the collective (as suspected by Melchert in DCL:s.v.).
[D.S.]
1.3 Luwian (Glossenkeilwörter)
ḫalli(ya)-
‘day’1.3.1Transmission
This lexeme is attested in the instructions of Tutḫaliya IV. to the princes, lords and courtiers.
[D.S.]
1.3.2Forms
| nom./acc. coll. | ḫal-li-ia |
KUB 26.1 iii 18 | (CTH 255, NS) |
The proper grammatical analysis as nom./acc. pl. or coll. instead of dat./loc. sg. is given in DCL:s.v. (contra CLL:48) against the previous literature (see under Meaning.).
[D.S.]
1.3.3Graphic Features
Checked against the photographs in the Konkordanz (Mainzer Fotoarchiv).
[D.S.]
1.3.4Meaning
The meaning ‘day’ for ḫalliya was suggested by Bossert 1957-1958a:366 not only on contextual grounds (similar contextual interpretation by von Schuler 1957a:13, 19) but also in comparison with HLuw. ha-li-(ya)- ‘day’ (followed by Carruba 1962a:63, Neu 1968a:196, Lebrun 1986a:52f., HED H:25f., Miller 2013a:300f. with n. 120). However, most of these scholars took ḫalliya as a dat./loc. sg. and translated it accordingly:
le‑en‑ga‑nu‑ut‑wa‑mu ku‑iš nu‑wa ka‑ru‑ú ḫal‑li‑ia ú‑e‑eḫ‑ta‑at (KUB 26.1 iii 17-18)
Puhvel (HED H:25f.) translates “He that made me swear has long since turned to the day. (i.e. he met his day of death)”. Likewise, Miller 2013a:300f. with n. 120 translates “He who swore me in has already passed away. (i.e. has already turned to the day)”. Recently, Melchert (DCL:s.v.) has pointed out on syntactic grounds that ḫalliya must be the subject of Hitt. wēḫtat. Otherwise, there would be an enclitic pronoun =aš required by the intransitive verb. His view is adopted here, i.e. “(lit.) (The one) who swore to me, (his) days have turned (i.e. he met his day of death)”.
[D.S.]
1.3.5Origin
See above under UD.KAM-i(ya)-.
[D.S.]
1.4 Hittite
ḫāli-
‘night watch’1.4.1Literature / Comments
HW 2nd ed. Ḫ:31f.
2. Reconstruction
2.1Reconstruction ‘time (measure)’
Tischler (HEG H:129) and Puhvel (HED H:25f.) equate Luw. /halli(ya)-/ etymologically with Hitt. ḫali- n. ‘(night)watch’, positing as the original semantics ‘time (measure)’. This is rejected by Melchert (CLL:48) due to the geminate -ll- in Luwian, which is not a tenable counterargument, because it may be due to Čop’s Law. Therefore, we reconstruct a substantized adjectival formation in *-i̯o- with an accented i-grade of the root, i.e. *h2él-ii̯o- > Luw. /halli(ya)-/, Hitt. ḫāli- n. (with coloring beside laryngeal). A way to account here for the Hittite stem formation is to assume syncope of the thematic vowel -o- and secondary transfer to a neuter i-stem. The root can be easily connected to the root *h2el- meaning ‘to set in motion, control’.
[D.S.]
For the lemma head see CLuw. *ḫal-.