/arrai(ya)-/
‘long’
- Language
- Common Luwian
- Grammar
- adj
- ID
- 3642
1. Individual Anatolian Languages
1.1 Hieroglyphic Luwian
/arrai(ya)-/, (“LONGUS”)a+ra/i-ia-
‘long’1.1.1Transmission
The four attestations of this lexeme originate from Tabal and Cilicia. The relevant inscriptions date to the second half of the 8th century and the early 7th century BCE respectively.
[AH.B.]
1.1.2Forms
| nom./acc. pl. n. | /arraiya/ | (“LONGUS”)a+ra/i-ia | KARATEPE 1 Ho., §51 (Cilicia) |
| “LONGUS”-lá/í-ia | KARATEPE 1 Hu., §51 (Cilicia) | ||
| a+ra/i-ia | ÇİFTLİK, §17 (Tabal) | ||
| (LONGUS)˹a˺+[ra/i]-ia | BOR, §11 (Tabal) |
The attestation in ÇİFTLİK, §17 is followed by a string of clitics: 〈-ha-wa/i-tu-u〉, i.e. /=ha=wa=du/, translating as ‘and to him’ with the quotative particle /=wa/ intervening.
[AH.B.]
1.1.3Graphic Features
1.1.3.1Phonological Interpretation
The phonological interpretation of this word is clear, because the spelling variations apparent in the HLuw. attestations are tempered by the reliable spelling found in its CLuw. cognate ārrai(ya)- ‘long’, cf. Hawkins 2000a:451 and CLL:26. The logogram LONGUS (sign *62) is present in most of the attested forms and also appears in the cognate /arrayasha-/.LONGUS is used for a handful of other lexemes, among them the verb /yari-(ti)/ ‘to extend’, cf. Sasseville 2021a:146f., but any etymological connection to the present lexeme is highly doubtful.
The alternation between /r/ and /l/ (the sign used for the latter was at that time read 〈ta5〉 for /da/) after the first vowel was remarked upon by Hawkins & Morpurgo Davies 1978a:112f. and already identified, albeit tentatively, as a hypercorrect spelling.Their assessment of the spelling as hypercorrect remains true despite the fact that the reading of sign *172 has since changed from 〈ta5〉 to 〈lá/í〉, because rhotacism in HLuw. affects both intervocalic /l/ and /d/, see Rieken & Yakubovich 2010a:216-218.
[AH.B.]
1.1.4Meaning
The meaning was first assigned to the present lexeme by Bossert 1953a:326, who, at the same time, also identified the semantics of the logogram LONGUS in the context of the bilingual inscription KARATEPE 1; the word translates Phoenician ʾrk ‘long’. In the HLuw. corpus, the present adjective is used exclusively in the phrase ‘long days’, as e.g. in ÇİFTLİK, §17: a+ra/i-ia-ha-wa/i-tu-u ha-li-i, approx. /arraiya=ha=wa=du halli/, meaning ‘(There shall be) long days to him’ (cf. Hawkins 2000a:449). The phrase appears to be part of a standard set of good wishes for the future, usually in the imperative and addressed to one or more deities.
[AH.B.]
1.1.5Stem
Like all adjectives, the present lemma is assumed to undergo i-mutation, although the only forms attested are those that are exempt from the mutation. The word is likely derived with the suffix /-i(ya)-/ attached to an a-stem without substitution of the stem vowel.
[AH.B.]
1.1.6Derivatives
1.2 Cuneiform Luwian
ārrai(ya)-
‘long’1.2.1Transmission
The adjective is attested in ritual texts of the Kuwattalla tradition and once in a mythological passage from the Tauriša tradition.
[E.R.]
1.2.2Forms
| nom. pl. c. | ⸢a⸣-ar-ra-i-in-zi | KUB 35.108, 17’ | (CTH 765, MS) |
| dat./loc. pl. or nom./acc. sg. n. | a-ar-ra-ia-an-⸢za⸣ | KBo 29.17 iii 7’ | (CTH 767, NS) |
| abl./instr. | a-ar-ra-ia-ti | KUB 35.21 rev. 13’ | (CTH 761, MS) |
| KUB 35.22, 3’ | (CTH 761, MS) | ||
| ⸢a⸣-ar-ra-⸢ia-ti⸣ | KUB 35.43 ii 40 | (CTH 761, NS) | |
| [a-ar-r]a-ia-ti | KUB 32.8 iv 33’ | (CTH 759, NS) | |
| a-ar-ra-i[a-ti] | KUB 32.10, 14’ | (CTH 761, MS?) | |
| a-ar-ra-i[a-ti] | KBo 29.6 obv. 3’ | (CTH 762, NS) | |
| a-ra-ia-a-ti | KUB 35.16 i 11’ | (CTH 760, NS) | |
| [a-ar-r]a-⸢ia-ti⸣ | KUB 35.44, 10’ | (CTH 761, NS) |
For the morphological analysis of a-ar-ra-ia-an-⸢za⸣ at KBo 29.17 iii 7’, see Starke 1990a:396 and CLL:26.
[E.R.]
1.2.3Graphic Features
Checked against the photographs in the Mainzer Fotoarchiv.
[E.R.]
1.2.4Meaning
Otten 1953a:61 was the first who equated arayati at KUB 35.16 i 11’ in the sequence [ḫuitwalaḫitati annar]umaḫi〈ta〉ti arayāti [uššāti apparantati] arāti with gíd.da ‘long’ at KUB 35.45 ii 8 in ḫuyitwalaḫi〈ta〉ti ānnarummaḫi〈ta〉ti muKAM.ḪI.A gíd.da egir.udMI ḪI.A-ti “with life, strength, long years, future time.” His interpretation as ‘long’ has been accepted since, see e.g. DLL:30, HW:328, CLL:26, HHw:20, HED A, E, I:178, Morpurgo Davies 1982-1983a:218f. n. 31, Starke 1990a:62. Unfortunately, the relevant passage at KUB 35.16 i 11’ features a deficient spelling a-ra-ia-a-ti instead of a-ar-ra-ia-a-ti with a singleton -r-. This led to a conflation with ār(i)- ‘time’, which was cleared only by Morpurgo Davies 1987a:218f. n. 31.
[E.R.]
1.2.5Stem
The stem ends in the relational suffix -i(ya)-, attached to a base in non-mutating -a- (< *-eh₂-). Outdated in this respect is Melchert 1990a:201f. and Melchert 1994a:245, where the sequence -ai(ya)- is explained as the thematic vowel -a- < *-o- that is no longer deleted before the -i(ya)-. Also, the derivation of -ai(ya)- from a full grade i-suffix -ay- + vowel of the ending cannot be upheld, in view the loss of the glide between the -a- vowels.
[E.R.]
1.2.6Derivatives
1.2.6.1Uncertain Derivatives
-
]arrayannin (KUB 35.1 obv. 9, cited in Starke 1985b:355 and Ünal 2007a:49, which is probably a divine name and therefore not treated in detail in this dictionary.)
2. Reconstruction
2.1Reconstruction
Various etymologies have been suggested for CLuw. ārrai(ya)- ‘long’, though none have found consensus (cf. Simon 2010b:252): van Windekens 1955a:245 sees a connection with either Toch. A aryu- ‘long’ and Gusmani 1969c:316 with Skt. ṛju- ‘straight’ (from PIE *h3reg̑- ‘to extend’). The proposition of Carruba 1979b:91 and Puhvel (HED A, E, I:178) to connect it with CLuw. aru- ‘high’ can be considered outdated. Kloekhorst 2004a:43 suggests a connection with the root *h3er- ‘to arise’ (thus with CLuw. aru- ‘high’, see under lemma), implying a loss of h3 before -r-, which would be formally possible, except that the geminate -rr-, the result of an assimilation such as *-rh1- or *-rg̑h- > -rr- (if not Čop’s Law), is left unexplained for each of these etymologies.
A direct inner-Luwian connection would be with CLuw. ārrazza-, though of debated meaning (see under lemma and cf. also Oettinger 2016a connecting the root of ārrazza- with PIE *h1erg̑h- ‘to mount’), but this does not lead anywhere for the word for ‘long’. More evidence is needed.
[D.S.]