*179
‘barley’
- Language
- Hieroglyphic Luwian
- Grammar
- subst, n.
- ID
- 3327
1. Individual Anatolian Languages
1.1 Hieroglyphic Luwian
*179
‘barley’1.1.1Transmission
This lexeme is attested approx. 70 times in inscription from Tabal, Karkamiš and Maraš, dating maximally from the 10th to late 8th century BCE.
[A.P.]
1.1.2Forms
| nom./acc. sg. | /…/ | *179-za | KULULU lead strip 1, §9.50 (Tabal) |
| “*179”-za | AKSARAY, §4a (Tabal) | ||
| “*179”-za-’ | KULULU lead strip 1, §7.43 (Tabal) | ||
| *179 | KULULU lead strip 1, §4.25 (Tabal) | ||
| “*179” | KARKAMIŠ A11a, §10 (Karkamiš) | ||
| “*179” | KULULU lead strip 1 §6.35 (Tabal) | ||
| *179 | KÜRTÜL, §8 (Maraš) | ||
| dat. sg. | /…/ | “*179” | SULTANHAN, §11 (Tabal) |
The above offers a representative selection, omitting broken attestations. Most occurrences of the word can be found on the KULULU lead strips and display what little variation has been included in the above table.
[A.P.] [AH.B.]
1.1.3Graphic Features
1.1.3.1Phonological Interpretation
The phonological shape of this word is opaque despite its frequency. The logogram *179 is mostly used for the present word, but does appear occasionally with some others. It has been fixed with the interpretation HORDEUM due to its shape, as well as the syllabic value 〈hwix〉 because of its one-off use in the verb /hwiya-(i)/ ‘to run’, cf. Hawkins 2000a:457.
[AH.B.]
1.1.4Meaning
The interpretation as ‘barley’ was suggested by Hawkins 1986b:96 (also cf. Hawkins 1987a:139), who identified it as a frequently traded commodity, taking up the earlier suggestion ‘grain’ (German “Getreide”) made by Meriggi 1934a:113 and based on the shape of the logogram.Meriggi’s interpretation was rejected by other scholars, cf. e.g. Laroche 1960c:94. The word is a mainstay in statements of ideal prices as well as in the KULULU lead strips, which appear to deal with allotting resources to various individuals and institutions. A typical example is e.g. KULULU lead strip 1, §2.5: 100 “*179” Imu+ra/i-ki-ia CUM-ni, approx. /… MuraKiya anni/, meaning ‘100 (homers of) barley for Muraki’ (cf. Hawkins 2000a:506f.).
[AH.B.]
1.1.5Stem
Even though the stem of this word is unclear, it can be confidently identified as a neuter gender noun due to the presence of the neuter particle /-sa, -za/. Moreover, since the particle takes the shape /-za/, the noun stem likely ends in /l/ or /n/, cf. Melchert 2003b:186.
[AH.B.]