/appari/, á-pa-ara/i
‘afterwards’
- Language
- Hieroglyphic Luwian
- Grammar
- adv
- ID
- 3093
1. Individual Anatolian Languages
1.1 Hieroglyphic Luwian
/appari/, á-pa-ara/i
‘afterwards’1.1.1Transmission
This lexeme is attested three times in inscriptions from Emirgazi, Karkamiš and Maraş, dating between the second half of the 13th century and the mid-9th BCE.
[A.P.]
1.1.2Forms
| indecl. | /appari/ | *a-pa+ra/i-i | KARKAMIŠ A1a, §16 (Karkamiš) |
| *a-pa+ra/i | EMİRGAZİ 1A, §3 (Emirgazi) | ||
| á-pa-ara/i | MARAŞ 4, §15 (Maraş) |
[A.P.]
1.1.3Graphic Features
1.1.3.1Phonological Interpretation
The phonological interpretation of this lexeme can be deemed certain, especially once the spelling practice of initial-a-final had been fully understood, see Hawkins 2003b:159f. and Melchert 2010a:148. It belongs to the word family around /appan/ ‘behind’, see the discussions below.
The previously assumed link with the demonstrative pronoun /aba-/ ‘that’ (thus e.g. still Hawkins 2000a:257) is void, since the attested spellings would be anachronistic, see Goedegebuure 2010b:82.
[AH.B.]
1.1.4Meaning
The meaning was assigned by Hawkins 2003b:160 on the basis of EMİRGAZİ 1A, §3, implying a connection with /appan/ ‘behind’ and its family. This semantic interpretation fits well also e.g. in MARAŞ 4, §15: wa/i-mi-i á-mi-na (“COR”)á-tara/i-i-na á-pa-ara/i BONUS-li-ia-nu-wa/i-ha, approx. /wa=mi ammin atrin appari walliyanuwahha/, meaning ‘(… and I made the children attendants for us.) Afterwards, I raised my image for myself’ (Goedegebuure 2010b:82).
[AH.B.]
1.1.5Stem
The adverb is likely a lexicalisation out of the paradigm of the adjective /appara/i-/ ‘lesser, later’, where it arose from the dat./loc. sg. Its development is therefore comparable to that of its synonym /apparadi/ ‘afterwards’, which represents the abl./instr. of the same adjective.
[AH.B.]