ẽtre/i-
‘lower’
- Language
- Lycian
- Grammar
- adj
- ID
- 3014
1. Individual Anatolian Languages
1.1 Lycian A
ẽtre/i-
‘lower’1.1.1Transmission
This lexeme is attested in some funerary inscriptions as well as in the inscription of the inscribed pillar of Xanthos, dated contextually to shortly after the ascension of Artaxerxes II in 405-404 BCE and stylistically to around 400 BCE (Borchhardt & Eichner 1997-1999a:19f.).
[D.S.]
1.1.2Forms
| acc. sg. c. | ẽtri | TL 36.6 (Xanthos) |
| TL 57.5 (Antiphellos) | ||
| dat./loc. sg. | ẽtri | TL 36.4 (Xanthos) |
| TL 44a.42 (Xanthos) | ||
| [ẽ]ṭṛi | TL 5.9-10 (Telmessos) | |
| dat./loc. pl. | ẽtre | TL 41.5 (Xanthos) |
1.1.3Meaning
The expression ẽtri : xupu… se=hrzzi was equated to Greek τὸν τάφον τοῦτον τόν τε ἄνω καὶ τὸν κάτω (Kyaneai, Petersen & Luschan 1889a:22,27) and ἐν τῷ ἄνω σηκῷ, ἐν τοῖς κάτω σηκοῖς (Sidyma, TAM II.7-8:208) found in similar Greek inscriptions from Lycia. Thus, ẽtre/i- was assigned the meaning ‘lower’, which has stood the test of time (Thomsen 1899a:18, followed by Laroche 1967a:167, Meriggi 1978c:245, DLL:21, Neumann 2007a:86f., Schürr 2012c:9, Christiansen 2020a:196, 199, 209). However, the compared HLuw. word á-na-tara/i- is now analyzed differently (see HLuw. /annantara/i-/). Pedersen 1945a:50 etymologically compares Ved. ádhara- ‘lower’, Goth. undar ‘under’ (followed by Meriggi 1978c:245¸ Melchert 1992b:50, Oettinger 2001a:86), which is also accepted here; see the derivational base Lyc. ẽti.
For its use in a place name, i.e. ẽtri tuminehi as opposed to [hr]zzi tuminehi, see Eichner 2005a:26f., Sasseville 2021e:165.
[D.S.]
1.1.4Stem
The stem is an adjective in -re/i- (or *-ere/i- with syncope because of PIE *n̥dhero-; see under meaning above and also under reconstruction of the lemma head) derived from the root of the adposition ẽti with the meaning ‘down, under’.
[D.S.]
1.2 Lycian B
ẽtre/i-
‘lower’1.2.1Transmission
This lexeme is attested in the inscription of the inscribed pillar of Xanthos, dated contextually to shortly after the ascension of Artaxerxes II in 405-404 BCE and stylistically to around 400 BCE (Borchhardt & Eichner 1997-1999a:19f.).
[D.S.]
1.2.2Forms
| dat./loc. pl. | ẽtre | TL 44d.43 (Xanthos) |
1.2.3Meaning
The meaning ‘lower’ has been assigned to Lyc. B ẽtre in analogy to Lyc. A ẽtre/i- (Melchert in DLL:116, Shevoroshkin 2002a:215, Schürr 2018b:68), although it is unclear what it refers to in the context.
[D.S.]