prijeli(je)-
‘of one’s free will, willing(ly)’
- Language
- Lycian B
- Grammar
- adj
- ID
- 2642
1. Individual Anatolian Languages
1.1 Lycian B
prijeli(je)-
‘of one’s free will, willing(ly)’1.1.1Transmission
This lexeme is attested in the inscription of the inscribed pillar of Xanthos, dated contextually to shortly after the ascension of Artaxerxes II in 405-404 BCE and stylistically to around 400 BCE (Borchhardt & Eichner 1997-1999a:19f.).
[D.S.]
1.1.2Forms
| nom./acc. pl. n. | prijelija | TL 44d.35 (Xanthos) | |
| abl./instr. | prijelijed[i] | TL 44d.28 (Xanthos) |
Thus also Melchert (DLL:125), Neumann 2007a:282, Schürr 2018b:76. The second example is used adverbially.
[D.S.]
1.1.3Meaning
Eichner 1993a:130 considers the syntagma prijelijedi kibe meredi in which pirjeli(je)- is the antonym to meredi ‘by obligation’ and assigns the meaning ‘of one’s free will, willingly’ to prijeli(je)- (contra Shevoroshkin 2002a:211, 222 ‘former’). This is paralleled by the Greek expressions found in dedicatory inscriptions, i.e. ἐκ τῶν ἰδίων ‘of one’s free will’ and κατ’ ἐπιταγήν ‘by obligation’. His hypothesis has been tentatively accepted by Melchert (DLL:125) and Schürr 2018b:76. These semantics are also adequate for the cognate prijãme/i-, and from an Indo-European perspective, see below. The other example modifies qñza, a substantive of obscure meaning.
[D.S.]
2. Reconstruction
2.1Reconstruction
Eichner 1993a:130 suggests a convincing etymological connection with the PIE root *prei̯H- ‘to be friendly’ (likewise Shevoroshkin 2014a:250). Based on the participial form prijãme/i-, we expected an action noun *prija- < *priHeh2- to have existed in Lycian, which would support the assignment as *h1, the only laryngeal that would disappear in this environment. However, it is always possible that a *h2 or *h3 would have been lost regularly (before endings) in the verbal formation and analogically in the nominal one. The derivative prijeli(je)- is probably derived from the noun with the adjectival suffixes -ele/i- (< *-é/ó-lo-, + substantivization) and -i(je)- (< *-i̯o-).
On the root PIE *prei̯H- ‘(to be) friendly’, cf. LIV2:490, NIL:568–573, and LIPP II:642 et passim.Due to the root’s Caland-morphology and ‑meaning as well as the rarity of primary verbal formations (only IIr.), it is preferable to assume adjectival semantics for the root in question, cf. Rau 2009a:106, NIL:569f. n. 1, etc. On the possible deadverbial origin of the root, cf. LIPP II:642, 647.]
[D.S.] [A.O.]