/kinu(wa)-(i)/, (“FLAMMAE”)ki-nu-wa/i-
‘to burn, set fire to’
- Language
- Hieroglyphic Luwian
- Grammar
- verb
- ID
- 2606
1. Individual Anatolian Languages
1.1 Hieroglyphic Luwian
/kinu(wa)-(i)/, (“FLAMMAE”)ki-nu-wa/i-
‘to burn, set fire to’1.1.1Transmission
This lexeme is attested three times in inscriptions from Karkamiš and Maraş, dating from the late 9th to the 8th century BCE.
[A.P.]
1.1.2Forms
| 3pl. pres. act. | /kinuwanti/ | (“FLAMMAE”)ki-nu-wa/i-ti-i | MARAŞ 5, §1 (Maraş) |
| /kinunti/ | (“[FLAMM]AE”)k[i]-nu-ti | CEKKE, §4 (Karkamiš) | |
| 1sg. pret. act. | /kinuwahha/ | (“FLAMMAE”)ki-nu-wa/i-ha | MARAŞ 3, §4 (Maraş) |
[A.P.]
1.1.3Graphic Features
1.1.3.1Phonological Interpretation
The phonological interpretation of this word seems clear, both for its attestations in fully syllabic spelling and its transparent morphology, cf. the discussion of the stem below.
The presence of the logogram FLAMMAE (sign *477) for a determinative strongly suggests a connection to the semantic domain around burning, like the other words using it, e.g. /luhanu(wa)-(i)/ ‘to burn down’, /has(a/i)-/ ‘pyre’ and others besides, cf. Hawkins 2000a:238 and Poetto 2010c:297f. n. 17.
[AH.B.]
1.1.4Meaning
The general meaning of this verb has been clear for some time, not least due to the use of the very pictographic logogram FLAMMAE (already Meriggi 1934b:113, 136 interpreted several of the words with it accordingly), causing Hawkins 2000a:147 to suggest ‘to burn up’ for when the verb is combined with the adverb /ahha/ ‘away, fully’. Taking into account the presence of the suffix /-nu(wa)-/, Poetto 2010d:244 proposes ‘to set on fire’ (“fanno ardere”), which seems likely for contexts without /ahha/, e.g. MARAŞ 3, §4: wa/i-tu-u 2 (OVIS.ANIMA)EDERE?-lá/í-ti-wa/i-li-na (“FLAMMAE?”)ki-nu-wa/i-ha, approx. /wa=du tuwin(zi?) adantiwalin kinuwahha/,The string of signs 〈… OVIS ANIMA EDERE?…〉 at MARAŞ 3, §4 has been interpreted in different ways by scholars regarding which of the signs, if any, is assumed to be a determinative, and which belongs to which. Hawkins 2000a:268 transcribes it as 〈… OVIS(ANIMA) EDERE?…〉, leaving the adjective /adantiwal(i)-/ ‘fat’ postposed. Yakubovich 2017e suggests 〈… (OVIS.ANIMA)EDERE?…〉, assuming that the adjective is substantivised in a pars-pro-toto fashion. Either interpretation seems possible for now, and both result in the same translation. What should be noted is the fact that /adantiwalin/ is inflected as an acc. sg., which becomes more usual after the numeral ‘2’ in later inscriptions, see Bauer 2014a:100. meaning ‘I set on fire two fat sheep for him (scil. the statue of the storm-god)’ (cf. Hawkins 2000a:268). For the use of burning in sacrifices, see Hutter 2019b.
[AH.B.]
1.1.5Stem
This verb shows a stem in /-nu(wa)-(i)/, a suffix that forms causatives from other verbs and factitives from nouns, undergoing contraction here and there, see Sasseville 2021a:463f. The derivational base should be */ki-/, but is unattested.
[AH.B.]