/attuwalahid-/
‘evilness, malice’
- Language
- Common Luwian
- Class
- Derivative
- Grammar
- subst
- ID
- 2518
1. Individual Anatolian Languages
1.1 Hieroglyphic Luwian
/attuwalahid-/, MALUS-la/i-hi-tà-
‘malice’1.1.1Transmission
This lexeme can be found four times in the HLuw. corpus, and the inscriptions locate to Tabal on the one hand, and to Karkamiš and Tell Ahmar in the South-East on the other hand. Nearly all of the attestations date to the 8th century BCE, with only the TELL AHMAR 5 inscription dating to an earlier time around the late 10th or early 9th century BCE.
[AH.B.]
1.1.2Forms
| abl./instr. | /attuwalahidadi/ | MALUS-la/i-hi-tà-ti | ADANA 1, §4 (Karkamiš) |
| MALUS-tà-ti-i | SULTANHAN, stele, sides §21 (Tabal) | ||
| *a-MALUS-l[a/i]-hi-x[...] | TELL AHMAR 5, §17 (Tell Ahmar) | ||
| MALUS-hi-tà-ri+i | CEKKE 2, reverse §20 (Karkamiš) |
1.1.3Graphic Features
1.1.3.1Phonological Interpretation
The phonological interpretation of this lexeme is certain, because it is connected to the word family around /attuwal(i)-/ and features well-known nominal morphology with a stem in /-ahid-/ (see below under “Stem”). Within the case ending, the ubiquitous alteration between 〈-tà-ri+i〉 and 〈-tà-ti〉 is visible, a mainstay especially in later inscriptions.
[AH.B.]
1.1.4Meaning
The meaning of this lexeme is essentially clear by way of its morphology as well as the contexts it occurs in. Thus, /attuwalahid-/ is solely found in curse formulae in HLuw., usually in a phrase combining the abl./instr. /attuwalahidadi/ with a verb of movement, e.g. HLuw. /i-/ ‘to go’ or HLuw. /wis(a)i-(di)/ ‘to emerge’ accompanied by a suitable preverb and resulting in ‘whoever moves against X with malice’. Such a construction is typically part of the protasis laying down the condition, such as damaging an inscription, for the following apodosis, which contains the punishment. Cf. the typical example at CEKKE inscr. 2, §20: za-ti-pa-wa/i URBS+MI-ni kwa/i-sa MALUS-hi-tà-ri+i VERSUS (PES2)i+ra/i, approx. /zatti=ba=wa ...-ni kwis attuwalahidadi tawiyan idi/, translating as ‘(He) who moves against this city with malice’ (cf. Hawkins 2000a:146). Only in the SULTANHAN inscription is the word part of the apodosis and describes a punitive action in which ‘the gods shall stand aggressively against him with malice’ (Yakubovich 2002a:208).
[AH.B.]
1.1.5Stem
The stem of this lexeme is a formation with the complex suffix /-ahid-/, which is used to build abstract nouns on the basis of both adjectives and other nouns (Melchert 2003b:198). The derivational basis is likely the adjective HLuw. /attuwal(i)-/ ‘bad, evil’, and the same formation is found in CLuw., see below.
[AH.B.]
1.2 Cuneiform Luwian
attuwalaḫi(t)-
‘evilness, malice’1.2.1Transmission
The attestations of the word are limited to two duplicate manuscripts of the Zarpiya ritual (NS).
[E.R.]
1.2.2Forms
| dat./loc. sg. | at-tu-wa-la-ḫi-ti | KUB 9.31 ii 26 | (CTH 757, NS) |
| at-tu-wa-⸢la-ḫi⸣-[ti] | HT 1 ii 2’ | (CTH 394, NS) |
1.2.3Graphic Features
Checked against the photographs in the Mainzer Fotoarchiv.
[E.R.]
1.2.4Meaning
On account of the fairly transparent stem formation, Güterbock 1950a:216 n. 35 was able to analyze the lexeme as ādduwala ‘evil’ plus the abstract suffix “-ḫiti” and to interpret it as the functional match of Hitt. idalawātar ‘evilness’. Some years later, Otten 1953a:48 improved the segmentation of the dat./loc. sg. attuwalaḫit-i, and finally, Eichner 1973a:59f. recognized the full form of the suffix as -aḫit- (see, in more detail, Starke 1990a:153-155). Notwithstanding the formal details, Güterbock 1950a’s semantic interpretation was immediately accepted and entered the handbooks (cf. Güterbock 1950a:216 n. 35, Otten 1953a:48, HW:328, DLL:35, HEG A-K:442, HED A, E, I:492, Starke 1990a:165, CLL:42, HHw:33, EDHIL:420).
[E.R.]
1.2.5Stem
On the analysis as neuter abstract noun in -aḫi(t)- derived from ādduwāl(i)-, see under Meaning.
[E.R.]
For the lemma head see CLuw. ādduwāl(i)-.