tãma-
‘house, building’
- Language
- Lycian A
- Class
- Base
- Grammar
- subst, c.
- ID
- 246
1. Individual Anatolian Languages
1.1 Lycian A
tãma-
‘house, building’1.1.1Transmission
This lexeme is attested twice on the inscribed pillar of Xanthos, which is dated shortly after the ascension of Artaxerxes II in 405-404 BCE, and twice in the inscription of TL 35 (reign of Pttule; undated).
[D.S.]
1.1.2Forms
| nom. sg. | tãma | TL 44b.50 (Xanthos) |
| acc. sg. | t[ã]mã | TL 44c.14f. (Xanthos) |
| acc. pl. | tamas | TL 35.15 (Üsümlü), TL 35.17 (Üsümlü) |
1.1.3Graphic Features
For the restoration of t[ã]mã in TL 44c.14f. see Schürr 2004b:188 n. 10. The missing vowel in t[.]mã can also be restored with the vowel -a- instead of -ã-, since the Lycians optionally wrote the plain vowel instead of its nasalized variant in front of a nasal consonant. For the word division in TL 44b.50 see Neumann 1984b:95.
[D.S.]
1.1.4Meaning
The meaning of this lexeme was suggested by Lebrun 1999a:47f., who connects it etymologically to HLuw. /tama-(di)/ ‘to build’ and Lyc. tãmade (TL 44b.3); cf. also Melchert apud Schürr 2004b:188 n. 10, DLL:60. Contextual support is found in TL 44b.50, where the word tãma stands in apposition to ñtemlẽ, which is a type of sacrificial installation.Schürr (ibid.) suggests for tãma- a substantivized participle of ta-(di) ‘to stand’, but does not offer any supporting evidence for his interpretation.
[D.S.]
1.1.5Derivatives
2. Reconstruction
2.1Reconstruction ‘house, building (vel sim.)’
Melchert (DLL:60) analyzes Lycian tãma- as an animate noun in -a- (< *-eh2) to the PIE root *dem- ‘to build’. Since we already have the ‘τόμος’-type noun in Lyc. m̃me/i-, Lyc. tãma- surely represents a ‘τομή’-type noun and can be reconstructed as *doméh2-. The expected *tẽma- was then colored to tãma- by the rules of the vowel harmony. This substantive can be assumed for Proto-Luwic based on the lexeme HLuw. /tamaduna-/.
[D.S.]
3. Proto-Indo-European
3.1Semantic Reconstruction
The best attested meaning of the generally rare Gk. δομή is ‘skin’.The only exceptions are the occurrence in Josephus, where it could mean ‘building’, and the gloss in Hesychius’ lexicon (‘τεῖχος etc.’).This meaning, however, contradicts the Lycian A evidence – Lyc. A tãma, e.g., means ‘house, building (vel sim.)’. This fact makes Gk. δομή most likely to be interpreted as a different formation.Cf. also the majority of the Greek derivatives, which are attested only from Hellenistic times on or even later.Therefore, on semantic grounds, a common PIE ancestor is not very likely.
3.2Morphological Reconstruction
Lyc. A tãma ‘house, building (vel. sim)’ and Gk. δομή ‘skin; wall; building(?)’ would make a perfect match phonologically and morphologically, viz. PIE *dom-éh2-. However, the sparse and late attestation in Greek as well as the semantic differences (cf. above) make a common PIE ancestor unlikely.
For the derivational base see PAnat. *dem-.
[A.O.]
4. Transmission
δομή ‘(Gk.) δέμας, skin’ (A.R.3.1395+, rare), ‘(Gk.) τεῖχος, wall, etc.’ (Hsch. δ 81, Latte), ‘building’ (dub. lectio in J.AJ 15.11.3)
GEW I, DELG:261f., EDG:314f., LSJ:444Cf. also the rare and mostly late secondary derivatives (LSJ:444) Gk. adj. δομαῖος ‘for building, foundation (of stones)’ (A.R.1.737, APl.4.279); Gk. nom. pl. m. δεδομημένοι part. perf. pass. ‘built’ (Aristid.1.821 J.+); Gk. sbst. δόμημα n. ‘building’ (J.BJ 1.21.6+); Gk. sbst. δόμησις f. ‘building’ (J.BJ 5.5.1, hapax); Gk. sbst. δομήτωρ m. ‘builder’ (Anon.Prog.inRh.1.642 W., hapax)