*h3ers-r̥/n-
‘head’
- Language
- Proto-Anatolian
- Grammar
- subst
- ID
- 2342
1. Individual Anatolian Languages
1.1 Lycian A
xrssẽ(n)-
‘head, personal deity’1.1.1Transmission
This lexeme is found on the inscribed pillar of Xanthos, dated contextually to shortly after the ascension of Artaxerxes II in 405-404 BCE and stylistically to around 400 BCE (Borchhardt & Eichner 1997-1999a:19f.).
[D.S.]
1.1.2Forms
|
dat./loc. sg. |
xrssẽni |
1.1.3Meaning
Eichner 2005a:33 n. 181, building on Shevoroshkin 1979a:193, connects the word xrssẽni with Hitt. ḫaršar/n- n. ‘head’ and suggests the meaning ‘head, person, life’. The meaning can be specified as ‘personal deity’ by comparison with similar contexts of Hitt. ḫaršar/n- (see KUB 5.1 iii 53-54 and KUB 17.14 obv. 15 in HW 2nd ed.Ḫ:353f., and KUB 21.38 obv. 57, in which Edel 1994a:221 translates ḫaršar/n- as ‘personal tutelary god’):
BAD-an=ma=mu=za DU URUNERIK SAG.DU DINGIRLIM-iš duwan para GIM-an SAG.KI-za ḫarta kinuna=ya QA-TAM-MA kedani=za=kan LÍL-ri kuwatan imma kuwatan neyaḫḫari nu=mu peran ḫuiyaši (KUB 5.1 iii 53-55)
‘If you, Storm-god of Nerik, my personal deity, just as you have supported me so far, you will likewise walk before me just now, whichever direction I take on this campaign.’
In this context, xrssẽni refers to the Storm-god Trqqñti, who is therefore seen as the personal tutelary deity of the Lycian king Gergis (Sasseville 2021d:186). The meanings ‘radiance’ (Shevoroshkin 2002a:212) and ‘raging storm’ (Shevoroshkin 2012a:465) must be dismissed.
[D.S.]
1.1.4Stem
The stem of Lycian xrssẽni is unclear. It might be a mutated stem xrssẽn(i)- (DLL:84) or neuter n-stem xrssẽ(n)-. Adducing the comparative evidence discussed under Reconstruction, it could still be a heteroclitic stem, although evidence for the survival of this stem class is questionable. The first option is adopted here provisionally.
[D.S.]
This lemma was written together with the intern Jonas Döll.
1.2 Hittite
ḫaršar/n-
‘head’1.2.1Literature / Comments
HW 2nd ed. Ḫ:344-357
2. Reconstruction
2.1Reconstruction ‘head’
Lycian xrssẽni (dat. sg.) is a cognate of the Hitt. heteroclitic stem ḫaršar/n- n. ‘head’, resulting in the Proto-Anatolian reconstruction *h3ers-r/n- ‘head’ (for the root *h3er- ‘to arise’, see Melchert 1994a:164 against the previous literature, but followed by Oettinger 2004c:402). On the underlying s-stem, see the reconstruction of Pal. ḫariš- ‘lung’.
Concerning the accentual pattern, we can see that the Hitt. n. pl. ḫar-ša-a-ar has an originally accented o-grade *Hers-ṓr. The dat. sg. ḫar-ša-ni-i and the all. ḫar-aš-ša-na-a speak for an accented ending in the oblique cases, e.g. *Hrs-n-éi̯. Due to the obscurity of the root vocalism, no ablaut paradigm is given in Rieken 1999a:310f. According to Eichner 2005a:33 n. 181, the Lycian word carries the accent on the middle syllable, which is possible, but cannot be proven. He further equates the Lycian dative form xrssẽni with Hitt. ḫar-ša-an-ni (with unexpected geminated -nn-), although it could equally reflect the more regular Hittite form ḫar-ša-ni-i. Furthermore, Eichner assumes a t-epenthesis, which is unnecessary due to the rule of gemination in consonant clusters, for which see van den Hout 1995b:112. For a Luwian cognate, see ḫarmaḫ(i)-.
[D.S.]
This lemma was written together with the intern Jonas Döll.