/tarrawannazza-(i)/, (“IUSTITIA”)tara/i-wa/i-na-za-
‘to become just/ loyal’
- Language
- Hieroglyphic Luwian
- Grammar
- verb
- ID
- 2000
1. Individual Anatolian Languages
1.1 Hieroglyphic Luwian
/tarrawannazza-(i)/, (“IUSTITIA”)tara/i-wa/i-na-za-
‘to become just/ loyal’1.1.1Transmission
A hapax legomenon, this lexeme occurs once in an inscription from Maraş, dating to the end of the 9th century BCE.
[AH.B.]
1.1.2Forms
|
3sg. pret. act. |
/tarrawannazzanta/ |
(“IUSTITIA”)tara/i-wa/i-na-za-ta-´ |
1.1.3Graphic Features
1.1.3.1Phonological Interpretation
Despite a fully syllabic attestation, the phonological interpretation of the present lexeme and other members of the same word family have been subject to considerable debate, e.g. Sasseville 2021a:446-448 suggests reading it /tarwannazza-/ instead. Use of the sign 〈tara/i〉 (*389), which consists of the sign for the numeral ‘three’ (*388), made up of three vertical strokes, and the thorn-shaped sign 〈ra/i〉 (*383), suggests -- but by no means forces -- a reading as /tarra/i°/. For the full discussion, see Melchert 2019a:343.
[AH.B.]
1.1.4Meaning
While its status as a hapax legomenon renders the semantic interpretation of /tarrawanazza-(i)/ somewhat tentative, both the morphological structure as well as the context of attestation support the suggested translation. For one, the meaning of the lexical base is clear, and the verbal suffix /-zza-(i)/ marks inchoatives (cf. Sasseville 2021a:446-448). For another, the context at MARAŞ 1, §6 strongly suggests that the author considers himself gaining in divine support, stating wa/i-mu-ta LIS+LA/I/U-si-sá (DEUS)[SOL]-ti-i?-sá i-mára/i-si-ha-i (DEUS)ru-ti-ia-sá-i (“IUSTITIA”)tara/i-wa/i-na-za-ta-´ ‘(The gods) Tiwadi of the Lawsuit and Runtiya of the Open Country became loyal to me’ (cf. Sasseville 2021a:447f. for the syntactic structure).
Previously suggested interpretations such as ‘to become a ruler’ have lost their justification now that the derivational base has received a new interpretation as ‘just, loyal’.
[AH.B.]
1.1.5Stem
The verb is a formation in /-zza-(i)/, whose function is inchoative, cf. Sasseville 2021a:446-448, 450-451. Since the suffix usually attaches to verbal bases, yet /tarrawann(i)-/ can only be an adjective or a noun, Sasseville 2021a:446-448 assumes an unattested denominal verb such as */tarrawanna-(ti)/ with a meaning such as ‘to be just, to act justly’ vel sim., which would have provided the derivational basis for the present lexeme.
[AH.B.]
For the base, see HLuw. /tarrawann(i)-/.