nānun
‘now’
- Language
- Common Luwian
- Grammar
- adv
- ID
- 1313
1. Individual Anatolian Languages
1.1 Hieroglyphic Luwian
/nanun/, nà-nú-
‘now’1.1.1Transmission
Attested three times, this lexeme can be found in one inscription from Boğazköy, dating to the 12th century BCE, and in a letter written on lead from Tabal, dating to the 8th century BCE.
[AH.B.]
1.1.2Forms
| indecl. | /nanun/ | nà-nú- | SÜDBURG, §2 |
| CRUS2-nú- | KIRŞEHİR lead strip, §11 (Tabal) | ||
| KIRŞEHİR lead strip, §20 (Tabal) |
All three attestations are followed by clitics starting with 〈-pa(-...)〉, i.e. /=ba/ ‘but’, causing the word-final /n/ to be omitted, cf. the discussion of the phonological interpretation below. The sign used for /na/ is *84, usually read CRUS2, but now also fitted with the reading 〈nà〉, see Hawkins 2005d:266 following a first suggestion by Melchert 1997g:347.
[AH.B.]
1.1.3Graphic Features
1.1.3.1Phonological Interpretation
The phonological interpretation of the present lexeme can be deemed secure, because it has a full cognate in CLuw. nanun ‘now’, cf. CLL:155. However, in contrast to CLuw. nanun, which often displays assimilation to the clitic following it, i.e. nanum=ba, the HLuw. word shows no change that could be detected on a graphemic level. In accordance with HLuw. orthographic conventions, a pre-consonantal /n/ is deleted in writing, perhaps reflecting a phonetically real change, cf. Melchert 2003b:182.
[AH.B.]
1.1.4Meaning
Because of the CLuw. cognate, the meaning of the adverb was clear at an early stage, see Friedrich 1955a:44f. for CLuw. Like its CLuw. counterpart, HLuw. /nanun/ always occurs at the beginning of a sentence.
[AH.B.]
1.2 Cuneiform Luwian
nānun
‘now’1.2.1Transmission
Most of the 16 instances of the word are found in the Kuwattalla tradition, from MS texts onward. However, it also occurs once in a birth ritual and once in a letter, which indicates a broad use as would be expected for a grammaticalized adverb.
[E.R.]
1.2.2Forms
| indecl. | [na-a-nu]-un | KBo 8.130 iii 5’ | (CTH 764, MS) |
| na-nu-un | KUB 35.101 obv. 9’ | (CTH 765, MS) | |
| KUB 35. 103 iii 7 | (CTH 766, MS) | ||
| [na-a-nu]-ú(=) | KUB 35.14 iv 4’ | (CTH 760, NS) | |
| na-a-nu-um(=) | KUB 35.15 iii! 4’ | (CTH 761, MS) | |
| [n]a-a-nu-um(=) | KUB 35.15 ii! 4’ | (CTH 761, MS) | |
| na-a-nu-um(=) | KUB 35.39 i 24, ii 24 | (CTH 759, LNS) | |
| KUB 35.65 iii 13’ | (CTH 763, MS) | ||
| [n]a-a-nu-um(=) | KUB 35.68, 15’ | (CTH 763, NS) | |
| na-a-[nu-um(=) | KBo 9.141 iv 4’ | (CTH 761, MS) | |
| na-a-nu-um(=) | KBo 9.141 iv 17’ | (CTH 761, MS) | |
| KBo 9.143 iii! 9’ | (CTH 763, MS) | ||
| [n]a-a-nu-ú-un | KUB 35.16 i 6’ | (CTH 760, NS) | |
| na-nu(=) | KBo 8.17, 6’ | (CTH 769, NS) | |
| na-nu-[ | KBo 29.47, 4’ | (CTH 763, N/A) |
1.2.3Graphic Features
Checked against the photographs in the Mainzer Fotoarchiv. – Starke 1985b:125 reads ]ụm-pa at KUB 35.14 iv 4’, but ]-ú-pa can be seen very clearly.
[E.R.]
1.2.3.1Phonological Interpretation
The form nānum (always before enclitic particle =pa) constitutes the most frequent allomorph, while nānu and nānun are rare. Nevertheless, it is obvious that the labial nasal is due to assimilation to the following bilabial plosive, parallel to mām=pa ← mān + =pa, see Melchert 1994a:271; still differently Otten 1953a:73. More recently, Kloekhorst (EDHIL:478f.) also tried to identify a final -m in the derivative nanumtariyala at KUB 35.15 iii! 3’ with original -m in *num. However, if -m- is not just a spelling mistake caused by nanum=pa in the following line ibid. iii! 4’, it is certainly influenced by the frequent assimilated allomorph nānum (as per above).
[E.R.]
1.2.4Meaning
CLuw. nānun is attested in sentence initial position, followed most frequently by the particle =pa, but also twice by =ḫa. Its semantic elucidation is owed to Friedrich 1955a:44f., who observed the semantic contrast between puwa and nānun at KUB 35. 103 iii 6f. and pointed out the parallel opposition between Hitt. karū ‘formerly’ and kinun ‘now’, which suggests the meaning ‘now’ for Luw. nānun. More specifically, Melchert (CLL:156) draws the parallel between CLuw. nānum=pa and Hitt. kinun=a ‘but now’. The interpretation found general acceptance (see also DLL:74, Neumann 1964a:47-49, Starke 1990a:366, HEG L-N:340, Tischler 2008a:110, HED L:184, EDHIL:478f.).
[E.R.]
1.2.5Stem
The second part -nun being an inherited adverb, the word is indeclinable.
[E.R.]
1.2.6Derivatives
For the lemma head see CLuw. *nun.