*spérd(h)-/*spr̥d(h)-´
‘to escape, get away’
- Language
- Proto-Anatolian
- Grammar
- verb
- ID
- 1216
1. Individual Anatolian Languages
1.1 Cuneiform Luwian
part-
‘to escape (?)’1.1.1Transmission
The sole attestation of the lexeme comes from a song incipit in the Ištanuwa festival.
[E.R.]
1.1.2Forms
| 3sg. pret. ind. act. | pár-za-ta | KBo 30.167 iii 5’ | (CTH 773, LNS) |
The word occurs at the end of a paragraph and is, therefore, likely a verb form.
[E.R.]
1.1.3Graphic Features
1.1.3.1Phonological Interpretation
Sasseville 2021a:256 interpreted parzata plausibly as the 3sg. pres. ind. act. of a verb ending in an alveolar stop, i.e. part-, which regularly developed an epenthetic sibilant before the initial alveolar of the ending: [partsta].
[E.R.]
1.1.4Meaning
The context of the incipits of Songs of Ištanuwa is naturally limited. Additionally, the tablet is fragmentary so that nothing can be said about the meaning on that account. It is tempting to analyze the verb as the etymological match of Hitt. išpart-/išparza- [ispart(s)-] ‘to escape, take off, leap up’. However, this suggestion must await further contextual support.
[E.R.]
1.1.5Stem
Following Sasseville 2021a:256, the verb is a root stem part- enlarged with epenthetic -s- (see under Phonological Interpretation).
[E.R.]
1.1.6Derivatives
1.2 Hittite
išpart-(mi)
‘to escape, get away’1.2.1Literature / Comments
HEG I-K:418f., HW 2nd ed.:224-226, EDHIL:410
2. Reconstruction
2.1Reconstruction ‘to escape, get away’
Considering the Luwian substantive parta(/i)- ‘leg’ and other derivatives, Oettinger 2015d:271f. suggests an etymological connection with the root of Hitt. išpart-(mi) ‘to escape, get away’ (PIE *sperdh-, cf. HEG I-K:418f., EDHIL:410, HED E, I:447-450). If the Luwian root verb part-, whose semantic assignment cannot be verified, belongs here, a Proto-Anatolian root verb *spérd(h)-/*spr̥d(h)-´ ‘to escape, get away’ can be reconstructed.
[D.S.]
3. Proto-Indo-European
3.1Semantic Reconstruction
According to LIV²:580f., PIE *sperdh- means ‘to run away’. Cf. also EDHIL:410, where the conclusion is drawn that the root “must have had a basic meaning ‘to run (away) fast’”. For the semantic change from ‘to run (away)’ > ‘to compete’, which can be presupposed by Ved. spárdhate ‘rivals, competes for’ and Goth. spaúrds ‘race-course’, cf. Oettinger 2015d:271.
3.2Morphological Reconstruction
As for verbal stems derived from the PIE root *sperdh- ‘to run away’, a root aorist PIE *spérdh-/*spr̥dh-´ is reconstructed in LIV²:580 on the basis of Hitt. išparzašta pret. ‘escaped’ and Ved. áspr̥dhran aor. ‘they got into competition’. In EDHIL:410, however, a PIE root present *spérdh-/*spr̥dh-´ is reconstructed. Ved. spárdhate ‘rivals, contends for’, on the other hand, can be derived from a thematic present stem PIE *spérdh-e/o- (LIV²:580). As for the nominal stem formation, a root noun PIE *spŕ̥dh- ‘competition’ vel sim. can be reconstructed on the basis of Ved. spŕ̥dh- f. ‘competition, dispute’, OAv. spǝrǝd- f. ‘zeal, diligence’ and PGerm. *spurđ(i)-Casaretto 2004a:41 reconstructs a consonant stem PGerm. *spurđ-, whereas in EDPG:470f. the Germanic forms are traced back to an i-stem PGerm. *spurđi- “created to the PIE root present 3sg. *spérdh-ti, 3pl. *sprdh-énti”. > Goth. spaúrds ‘race-course; length of a stade’ etc. (cf., e.g., Casaretto 2004a:41f. with lit.).
[T.S.]
4. Transmission
Goth. spaúrds f. ‘race-course; stade (measure of length)’, OE spyrd m. ‘id.’, OHG spurt f. ‘stade, length of a stade’Cf., e.g., Casaretto 2004a:41 with further lit., EDPG:470f.
paparta-