^?kulan(a)-

The word is only once attested with gloss marker in a LNS festival text for the protective deities.

[A.B.]

gen. sg.

?ku-la-na-aš

KBo 2.38 obv. ii 4’

(LNS, CTH 682)

The attestation follows Laroche 1959a:56, CLL:106, 114; HEG A–K:622; HED K:237 (cf. Starke 1990a:235, Ünal 2007a:358, Ünal 2016a:290, Rosenkranz 1950a:192). The transliteration has been checked against the photo of the Mainzer Fotoarchiv. Güterbock 1956a:132 listed this Glossenkeilwort under forms that can only be Hittite, but may have Luwian affinities. However, the form is either Hittite or a rarely attested genitive form from Empire Luwian (cf. Yakubovich 2010d:43, based on van den Hout 2006a:240, n. 107). For the similar Glossenkeilwort kulān- or kulāna-with different meaning, cf. under the respective lemma.

[A.B]

Judging by the photos from the Mainzer Fotoarchiv, the gloss marker is uncertain; it seems to be written over another sign and different from the gloss markers in lines 8’ and 10’ of the same tablet. In comparison to the other lines, which start immediately at the column divider or are even written over it, the line with ^?ku-la-na-aš looks slightly indented (for the common use of the gloss marker to signal indented lines cf. Souček 1957-1971a:440 and already Forrer 1922a:215).

[A.B]

Starke 1990a:235 connects the attestation of this word with *ku(wa)lan- ‘army’ (in cuneiform only attested in names and derivatives) and kulān- or kulāna- (with unknown meaning), which is attested several times in KBo 13.76 (cf. implicitly HEG A–K:622); for both words cf. under the lemma lemma kulān- or kulāna-).

CLL:106 considers a Hitt. loanword ^?kulan(a)- ‘turning point’ (or sim.), cf. Ünal 2007a:358, Ünal 2016a:290 and Tischler 2016a:173, based on an unattested Luwian word *kulan(a)-.

The context of KBo 2.38 obv. ii 4’ shows the following (the transliteration is based on the photo of the Mainzer Fotoarchiv, and in addition, the hand copy as well as the transliterations, restorations and translations of Archi 1975b:105–114, McMahon 1991a:102f. with n. 86, HEG A–K:622 and Starke 1990a:235 have been taken into account):

^{(3’)ḪUR.SAG}tu-ut-ḫa-li-ia-aš la-x[...] ^(4’)?ku-la-na-aš ki.min ^dl[amma ...] ^(5’)la-⸢ba⸣-ar-na-aš ^dlamma-aš [...]

^(3’)[...] of Mt. Tudḫaliya La[- …] ^(4’)of the ^?kulana - ditto, the tu[telary] deity [...] ^(5’)of the Labarna the tutelary deity [...]

The context shows a long list of tutelary deities, one of them (although fragmentary) seems to be the “[(tutelary deity)] of (the) ^?kulan(a)-”. The duplicate KUB 2.1 ii 39 shows: [(me-)]ḫu-na-aš ^dlamma-aš ša la-ba-ar-na “the tutelary deity of the time of the Labarna” (cf. McMahon 1991a:102f., n.86; CHD L–N:239). Starke 1990a:235 notes that ki.min ‘ditto’ in KBo 2.38 refers to the Labarna in the preceding part, hence: “the [(tutelary deity)] of (the) ^?kulan(a)- of the Labarna”. Accordingly, both mēḫur- / mēḫun- and ^?kulan(a)- are attributes of the Labarna that are supported by a tutelary deity. Considering the Hittite term mēḫur- / mēḫun- ‘time’ in the duplicate, ^?kulan(a)- seems to be a certain (point in?) time that is protected by the tutelary deity.

The meaning of ^?kulan(a)- can also be specified by its derivative /kulāni(ya)- ‘to complete, to be completed’ (or sim.), already Laroche 1959a:56 connected these two words (cf. under the respective lemma). With regard to a certain period or moment in time, ^?kulan(a)- perhaps means something like ‘(time of) completion’ (or sim).

[A.B.]

1. /kulāni(ya)-

As noted under Forms, the inflection of ^?kulan(a)- in the attested context could be either Hittite or Luwian. It does not appear in the lists of Luwianisms by Melchert 2005a or van den Hout 2006a. The gloss marker, which could point to a Luwian origin (although it does not necessarily indicate it, cf. Schwartz 1938a:75, 78 and Melchert 2005a:445), is uncertain (cf. under Graphic features). Based on its morphology, a Luwian origin is possible. It is assumed by CLL:106, which considers it to be a loanword from unattested Luw. *kulan(a)-. If this is the base of the loanword, Luw. *kulan(a)- could include a Luwian suffix -na-, which Melchert 2003b:195f. (with examples) identifies in some nouns. The base of this word could be *kula-, which is also the base of another Luwian derivative: Luw. ku(wa)lai- ‘to turn’, cf. under the respective lemma).

Hence, the Luwian origin of ^?kulan(a)- is probable and, according to its inflection in the attested context, it could be either a Luwian loan or foreign word in Hittite.

[A.B.]