/kulāni(ya)-

The word is attested in a NS fragment of the Deeds of Šuppiluliuma, in a prayer of Muwattalli II to the assembly of the gods, and in a LNS cult inventory.

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1sg. pres. ind. act.	ku-la-ni-wi5	KUB 21.20 r.col. 3	(CTH 40, NS)
2sg. pret. ind. act.	ku-la-a-ni-it-ta	KUB 6.45++ rev. iii 52	(CTH 381, NS)
	ku-la-ni-it-ta	KUB 6.46 rev. iv 21	(CTH 381, NS)
3sg. pres. midd.	ku-la-ni-it-tar	KBo 2.7 rev. 22	(CTH 505, LNS)

The attestations follow Laroche 1959a:56, CLL:106, HEG A–K:622, HED K:237, (cf. Friedrich 1947a:6; Rosenkranz 1950a:192; Güterbock 1956a:121; Kronasser 1966a:590, van den Hout 2006a:245, 247f.). The transliterations have been checked against the photos in the Mainzer Fotoarchiv.

The form ku-la-ni-it-tar in KBo 2.7 rev. 22 has formerly been interpreted as a Hitt. abstract noun (cf. e.g. Laroche 1959a:56 and HEG A–K:622 with lit.), but as pointed out by Neu 1968a:210 the form actually represents a Luwian medio-passive.

Lebrun 1980a:268 read ma-la-a-ni-it-ta in KUB 6.45++ rev. iii 52, but this word does not exist in Hittite or Luwian, instead the form fits perfectly into the paradigm of /kulāni(ya)-.

For the form ^?ku-la-na-aš in KBo 2.38 obv. ii 4’, cf. under the lemma ^?kulan(a)-.

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There are basically two different meanings that have been suggested for this word. The first one is ‘to distinguish’, cf. Friedrich 1947a:6 “auszeichnen”, Laroche 1959a:56 ‘distinguer’, Kronasser 1966a:590, “besonders behandeln” (irgendwie positiv), HEG A–K:622 “auszeichnen, besonders behandeln” (all with question marks).

This meaning is mainly based on the context in KUB 6.46, where it appears as an active form (the transliteration is based on the photo of the Mainzer Fotoarchiv, and in addition to that, the hand copy as well as the transliterations and translations by Lebrun 1980a:268, 281; Singer 1996a:23, 41, 67; Singer 2002a:92; Rieken et al. 2016–2017b; HED K:237 and CHD L–N:242 have been taken into account).

^(20)d10 pí-ḫa-aš-ša-aš-ši-iš en-ia ne-pí-aš lugal-uš an-tu-uḫ-ša-an ⁽²¹⁾ga-ni-iš-ta nu-wa-ra-an ku-la-ni-it-ta ⁽²²⁾nu-wa-ra-an-kán ⸢aš⸣-ša-nu-ut nu-wa-ra-an-kán me-ḫu-na-aš ar-nu-ut

The passage in the duplicate KUB 6.45++ shows the same (with some different graphematic rendering cf. Singer 1996a:121–134, 138 and Yakubovich 2010d:378f.).

^(51)d10 pí-ḫa-aš-ša-aš-ši-iš en-ia ne-pí-ša-aš lugal-uš un-an ⁽⁵²⁾ka-ni-iš-ta nu-wa-ra-an ku-la-a-ni-it-ta ⁽⁵³⁾nu-wa-ra-an-kán aš-ša-nu-ut nu-wa-ra-an-kán me-e-ḫu-na-aš ar-nu-ut

^(51–52)Storm God of lightning, my lord, king of heaven, you recognized the human, you kulāni-ed him, ⁽⁵³⁾you provided for him, and have led him through the times.

Lebrun 1980a:281 translated “agréé”, Singer 1996a:41, Singer 2002a:92 ‘promoted’, similarly Starke 1990a:237 ‘erfolgreich machen’ and Rieken et al. 2016–2017b “brachtest ihn erfolgreich auf (seinen) Weg”.

Differently, HED K:237 “you made him stay the course”, although generally suggesting a meaning ‘bring to an end’ for /kulāni(ya)-. The latter meaning is also assumed by CLL:106 ‘bring to (a successful) end’ (cf. Melchert 2005a:450), similarly, Tischler 2008a:92 “(erfolgreich) abschließen, beenden” (?) also middle voice “zu Ende gehen, zum Höhepunkt kommen” (?), (cf. Tischler 2016a:290), HEG A–K:622, Starke 1990a:237 “zu Ende gehen”, Neu 1968a:210 “verbrauchen, vollenden, zu Ende bringen”. This meaning is based on the context in KBo 2.7 where the same verb appears in the medio-passive (the transliteration is based on the photo of the Mainzer Fotoarchiv, additionally, the hand copy as well as the transliterations and translations of Cammarosano 2018a:218f., HEG A–K:622 and HED K:237 have been taken into account).

⁽¹⁹⁾lu-kat-ma ^d10 ḫur.sag-ia ninda.gur₄.ra ^⸢DUG⸣ḫar-ši-aš ^NA4zi.ki[n^ME]^Š pé-e-dan_x-zi ku-in-na ⁽²⁰⁾a-na pa-ni ^NA4zi.kin-šú da-ni-nu-an-zi 2 udu ^d10 1 udu ḫur.⸢sag⸣ ki-in-ka-li-i-ša bal-an-⸢ti⸣ ⁽²¹⁾ninda.gur₄.ra ^DUGḫar-ši-aš 2 bán zì.da 1 dug kaš^! (eras.) ^GIŠzag.gar.[r]a 2 pa zì.da 1 ^DUGka.gag aš-nu-ma-aš ⁽²²⁾ud^KAM ku-la-ni-it-tar dingir^MEŠ ina é dingir-lì-šú ar-ḫa pé-⸢dan_x-zi⸣ (...)

^(19–21)The next day they carry the Storm God and the mountain (with) the loaves of bread of the pithos to the st[ela]e. They place each (god) in front of his stela. (The priest) offers 2 sheep to the Storm God, 1 sheep to Mount Kinkališa. The loaves of bread of the pithos, 2 BÁN-measures of flour, 1 vessel of beer at the altar; 2 PARĪSU-measures of flour, 2 KA.GAG-vessels (of beer are) the provisions. ⁽²²⁾The day is kulani-ed. They carry the gods away to their shrines (...).

In this context /kulāni(ya)- refers to the day or a certain time of day, HEG A–K:622 translates “wenn der Abend kommt (o.ä.)”, HED K:237 “the day is at an end”, Cammarosano 2018a:219 ‘the day is completed’.

Taking into account that it is probably based on a Luwian noun *kulan(a)- (or sim.) attested in Hittite transmission as ^?kulan(a)-, which seems to be a certain time that is protected by the tutelary deity of the king with a tentative meaning ‘(time of) completion’ (cf. under Origin and the respective lemma), it is possible that the verb also means something like ‘complete’ (or sim.), e.g. with regard to a certain time of day (evening?).

Yakubovich 2010d:410 assumes a meaning ‘to finish, complete’ for this context and compares the polysemy of Lat. perficere ‘to finish, accomplish, perfect’, which would fit for the first context, in which the deity supports the king in accomplishing his goals.

The last context KUB 21.20 r. col. 1–8 is unfortunately too fragmentary for further conclusions (the transliteration is based on the photo of the Mainzer Fotoarchiv, and the hand copy has been taken into account as well).

⁽¹⁾[n]u-za ^mnir.gál-iš x[ …] ⁽²⁾a-na ^URUne-ri-ik […] ⁽³⁾ku-la-ni-wi₅ ^GI[^Š …] ⁽⁴⁾gim-an an-na[- …] ⁽⁵⁾kur.kur^ḪI.A e[- …] ⁽⁶⁾an-tu-uḫ-š[a …] ⁽⁷⁾an-tu[- …] ⁽⁸⁾za[- …]

Ünal 2007a:358 considers a variety of meanings: ‘to complete, to be complete, to bring to end, promote, consummate; to mark?, distinguish? honor’ (cf. Ünal 2016a:290). /kulāni(ya)- seems to show a difference between active and medio-passive forms. Based on the attested contexts and the connection to ^?kulan(a)-, a meaning ‘to complete, to be completed’ (or sim.) seems to be fitting.

[A.B.]

It is generally assumed that /kulāni(ya)- is a Luwian word. It appears in the Luwian dictionaries and in the lists of Luwianisms by Melchert 2005a:450 and van den Hout 2007a:245, 247f., and it is also considered to be Luwian by Starke 1990a:237, HEG A–K:622 and HED K:237. It always appears with gloss marker, but more importantly its Luwian origin is clear from its Luwian inflection.

The stem probably shows a denominative verb (cf. HED K:237) but as pointed out by CLL:106 and differently to what is assumed by Starke 1990a:237 who considers a derivation from a base noun *ku(wa)la- “Ende, Erfolg” with a suffix “-anyi-” (which, however, does not exist), it is more likely derived from a Luwian noun *kulan(a)- attested in Hittite transmission as ^?kulan(a)- (cf. under Meaning and the respective lemma) with the denominative suffix -i(ya)- (cf. Melchert 2003b:199).

Judging by its inflection and stem-formation, /kulāni(ya)- is clearly a Luwian foreign word in Hittite.

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