*zap-

1. Individual Anatolian Languages

1.1 Hieroglyphic Luwian

*/zapp-/

‘to drip (?)’

1.1.1Derivatives

/zappa-^(ti)/

1.2 Cuneiform Luwian

*zapp-

‘to trickle, drip, leak, flow’

1.2.1Derivatives

1.3 Lycian B

*zpp-

‘to drip (?)’

1.3.1Derivatives

zppli

1.4 Hittite

*zapp- (zappiye/a-^(mi))

‘to drip’

1.4.1Literature / Comments

HEG W-Z:663-665, EDHIL:1031f.

2. Reconstruction

2.1Reconstruction ‘to drip’

The comparison of the Luwian root zapp- ‘to trickle, leak, flow’ and its derivatives such as zappa-^(ti) ‘to let flow, let bleed (?)’ and ^GIŠzappalalla ‘(household appliance used in setting the table)’ with Hitt. zappiye/a-^(mi) ‘to drip’ and Lyc. B zppli ‘feast (?)’ lead to the reconstruction of a Proto-Anatolian root *zap-. Basing himself only on the Luwian material, Poetto 2010c:299 suggests a connection with the Proto-Indo-European root *k̑ep- (Skt. śap- ‚to curse‘) (likewise Nikolaev 2019a:190f. n. 49 with further literature), although both the Hittite and Lycian B reflexes of the initial consonant as z- preclude a reconstruction with *k̑. Using an etymological comparison with Germ. Saft, a root with initial s- was reconstructed based on Hittite zappiye/a-^(mi) assuming a special development of s > z (Oettinger 1979a:528, Oettinger 1994a:323), which is rejected rightly by Kloekhorst (EDHIL:1031f.). Considering the semantics of ‘dripping’, an onomatopoetic root „zap, zap, zap!‘ is much more likely (likewise Kloehorst ibid.). For an overview of outdated etymologies see HEG W-Z:664f.

[D.S.] [E.R.]