šare-(d) (kaτare-)
‘to be under patronage (vel sim.)’
- Language
- Lydian
- Grammar
- verb
- ID
- 772
1. Individual Anatolian Languages
1.1 Lydian
šare-(d) (kaτare-)
‘to be unter patronage (vel sim.)’1.1.1Transmission
The only attestation of this lexeme is found in a poetic dedicatory inscription coming from the cemetery of Sardis and broadly datable to the 5th or 4th century BCE.
[I.Y.]
1.1.2Forms
| 3sg. pres. act. | kaτared | LW 11.2 (Sardis) |
1.1.3Graphic Features
1.1.3.1Phonological Interpretation
For the merger on the morpheme boundary kat + šar yielding kaτar- and the parallel cases, see Gusmani 1969a:139f. Note the exceptional character of the preservation of -d before the clitic =k.
[I.Y.]
1.1.4Meaning
According to Gusmani 1964a:148, the meaning of this verbal form was still obscure, but Gusmani 1969a:140 arrived at a tentative translation ‘to foster, support, show respect’. A slightly different translation ‘to stand watch’ is found in Melchert 1994a:341, while Gérard 2005a prefers the interpretation ‘to protect’. None of these solutions, however, appears likely if one assumes that the subject of the relevant clause is iškos aνis ‘every installation’ (cf. Lyd. aνi-). Furthermore, none of them attaches particular importance to the meaning of the prefix kat-.
If one assumes that kaτare- represents an intransitive derivative of *kaτar(i)- ‘under patronage’, then one arrives at the translation of the relevant clause ‘let every installation be under their patronage’. Such an interpretation appears contextually appropriate given that the immediately preceding sentence refers to the dedication of various religious installations to individual deities. Presumably, the same deities represent antecedents of the raised possessor =ms ‘their’.
[I.Y.]
2. Reconstruction
2.1Reconstruction
Melchert 1992a:47 reconstructs the Lydian verb kat-šare-(d) as a causative-iterative in *-éi̯e/o-, i.e. *sor-éi̯e/o-. The Lydian verbal stem class in -e-(d) is equated by Sasseville 2021a:206-208 to the Lycian one in -e-(d), which has a denominal origin. Therefore, Lyd. kat-šare-(d) cannot be reconstructed as a causative-iterative, but is rather taken as a denominative derived from a non-attested noun *šare- c.
[D.S.]
For the lemma head see Lyd. *šar-.