pašνsakνãki-^(d)

This verb is attested once in a curse formula of a lex sacra that was found in the precinct of Artemis in Sardis and is broadly datable to the 5^th or 4^th century BCE.    

[I.Y.]

The word is written as pašνsak-νãkid, where the hyphen corresponds to the end of the line. For other rare instances of Lydian words split into two parts by the end of the line see Gusmani 1964a:75f.

[I.Y.]

The predicate pašν-sakνãkid occurs in the protasis of a curse formula, thus presumably indicating an impious act. Its unusual syntactic feature is the ability to govern two dative arguments. The relevant clause appears to have the following structure “or if he causes X to Y turning it into an unholy one” (cf. further niwisw(i)-). This agrees well with the etymological suggestion of Shevoroshkin 1969a:269, according to which the verb under discussion is ultimately cognate with Hitt. šakkar / zakkar ‘excrement’ (gen. šaknāš). This etymology, in turn, represents the main argument for the specific meaning ‘to cause impurity’. The proposed translation is close to the one accepted in Gusmani 1980a:41, although Gusmani 1964a:75 had started with a more general meaning ‘to cause injury’.

[I.Y.]

The verb under discussion belongs to the same derivational type as kaprdoki-^(d), katšarloki-^(d), or warptoki-^(d). What makes it different is the spread of nasal articulation to the vowel after the nasal consonant, see the tentative suggestion of this process in Oettinger 1994a:327, n. 81. It is clear that pašν-sakνãki- ultimately reflects the same stem as sakνaki- (q.v.), and only the fact that the prefix pašν- is otherwise unattested precludes treating both verbs within the same lemma. Presumably, both of them are immediately derived from *sakνãka- ‘impurity, defilement’. For this type of denominative derivation, see Melchert 1992a:47f. 

[I.Y.]

For the lemma head seePAnat. *sók-r̥/n-.