ḫašḫannari-

This toponym is attested in two NS cult inventory texts, sharing very similar content. It only appears as a Glossenkeilwort.

[E.R.]

nom. sg.	PÚḫa-aš-ḫa-an-na-ri-[iš]	KBo 2.7 rev. 26	(CTH 526, NS)
	PÚḫaš-ḫa-na-[ri-iš]	KBo 2.13 obv. 23	(CTH 528, NS)
dat./loc. sg.	PÚḫaš-ḫa-an-[na-ri]	KBo 2.13 obv. 27	(CTH 528, NS)
	⸢PÚ⸣[ḫaš-ḫa-an-na-ri]	KBo 2.7 rev. 30	(CTH 526, NS)

The restorations are taken from Cammarosano 2018a:220, 222.

[E.R.]

^PÚḫašḫannar(i)- is either the name or epithet of a ritual spring. It appears in cult inventories concerning offerings to be made at specific ritual sites. The texts list statuettes of girls made of iron, a shrine, and the cella of a pithos (Cammarosano 2018a:221) built for the Ḫašḫannari-spring.

[E.R.]

The pattern of the first part, ḫašḫa-, could indicate a reduplicated form, following the Proto-Anatolian STV-STVX- pattern of reduplication, as it would indeed yield Luwian ḫa-šḫa- (cf. ḫišḫiya-⁽ⁱ⁾, dušdum(i)-, etc.). The stem ‑šḫa- is strongly reminiscent of Hittite išḫā- ‘master, lord, owner’, whose etymological relationship with Lat. erus ‘master’ is widely accepted (EDHIL:390, HEG A-K:372-377 with references). Nussbaum 2014b:245 posits its preform plausibly as *h₁es-h₂-ó- ‘having goods’. Alternatively, initial i- in išḫā- can be prothetic in origin, as considered by Nussbaum 2014b:245 n. 68, who compares the ablaut variants Ved. vat-s-á- ‘calf (having a year of age)’ and CLuw. ušša/i- < *ut-s-ó- ‘year (having a year of duration)’. If correct, adjectival PIE *h₁s-h₂-ó- ‘having goods’ with a zero-grade root lies at the bottom of both Hitt. išḫa- < *h₁s-h₂-éh₂- ‘the one having goods’ and Luw. *sḫa-, reduplicated secondarily as ḫa-šḫa- ‘having (many) goods (vel sim.), rich (?)’.

The second part of the word, -(a)nnar(i)-, would be identical with the Cuneiform Luwian noun ānnar(i)- ‘vitality, strength’ and particularly adjectival annara/i- ‘vital, strong’, also attested as an epithet for a spring, which would thus be fitting in its usage in a toponym. Hydronyms formed from an adjective-noun or adjective-adjective combination, as represented by ^ÍDŠuppi-luliya and ^PU7Šuppi-taššu (del Monte & Tischler 1978a:550f.)  are possible within Anatolian onomastics, although rarely attested. If the tentative etymology presented here is correct, the spring’s name would then mean something like ‘rich-strength (?)’ or ‘rich-and-strong (?)’.

[E.R.]