ḫupallaš-

The noun is found in texts from the Tauriša tradition.

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Frequently, the form is analyzed as an adj. gen. nom./acc. pl. n. of a stem *ḫupall(i)- (CLL:74, HHw:54, DCL:s.v.), but since the sole unambiguous attestation of *ḫupall(i)- in Luwian is only apparent and has to be read and classified differently, viz. as the participle of ḫupallašā(i)-, the most economical approach views ḫupallaš=ša as the base of that verb (contra CLL:74). Thus, Starke’s (Starke 1990a:324 n. 1138) claim that the s-stem ḫupallaš- in Hittite context is only the result of an inaccurate transmission can now be rejected.

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Checked against the photographs in the Mainzer Fotoarchiv.

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Due to the fragmentary state of the context, the assignment of the meaning relies entirely on the semantic interpretation of ḫupallaš- in Hittite transmission.

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1. ḫupallašā(i)-^(di) (or ḫupallaš(a)i-^(di))
2. ḫūpalziyati(ya)-

All attestations of the lexeme are found in the ritual of Wattitti.

[E.R.]

The form ḫu-u-pal-li-i[š] (KUB 60.17, 3’) cited in HW 2nd ed. Ḫ:730 for an i-stem does not exist. The alleged traces of -i[š] belong to the following word ⸢la-a⸣-u (see the edition by Fuscagni 2017a and under Hittite).

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Checked against the photographs in the Mainzer Fotoarchiv. – The reading ⸢^UZUḫu-pal-la⸣-a[š] by Fuscagni 2017a rests on the duplicate, while hardly any traces are left on the orignal tablet. They could well spell ⸢^UZUḫu-pal-li⸣ instead (cf. ḫu-u-pal-li at KUB 60.17, 3’ belonging the same tablet, see under Hittite).

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Building on Sayce 1927a:124 (‘skin’) and Güterbock apud HW:340f., 385 (‘scalp’, followed also in Friedrich 1955a:46; explained in Güterbock 1957a:353), Alp 1957a:6f. suggested the meaning ‘skull’ for ḫupallaš- occurring in lists of body parts, because its location is once mentioned to be under the hair (KBo 3.8 iii 32-34) and once above the ritual client or in/on the upper part of his body (KUB 7.1 iii 10-12, 20f.). Although Alp’s concommitant etymological considerations can now be regarded as outdated, his conclusions are plausible and have been widely accepted (Kronasser 1961a:157f., CLL:74, HEG A-K:290, HED H:386f., Rieken 1999a:194, Ünal 2007a:232, HW 2nd ed. Ḫ:730, Fuscagni 2017a, Steitler 2017a:396, DCL:s.v.; undecided HHw:54: “Teil des Kopfes?”).

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Although its authenticity was disputed by Starke 1990a:324 n. 1138 on account of the many mistakes in the transmission of CTH 390, the forms clearly represent a neuter s-stem (Alp 1957a:6f.; Kronasser 1966a:327, HEG A-K:290, HED H:387, Rieken 1999a:194). This claim is in full agreement with the stem already presupposed by the derivative ḫapallašā(i)- ‘to injure (the head)’ (contra CLL:74 with HED H:116, 387). Starting from a root *ḫupall- (< *h₂pel- with an anaptyctic vowel -u-), the s-stem was derived as in Luw. tappaš- (vs. Hittite nepiš- with -i- vowel).

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Starke 1990a:324 n. 1138 (followed by Melchert 2005a:448, Rieken 1999a:194, HW 2nd ed. Ḫ:730) assumes that ḫupallaš- ‘skull’ is borrowed from Luwian. This can be argued for not only by the attestation of the word in Luwian context and the existence of some Luwian derivatives (see under ḫupallašā(i)-, but also by the -a- vocalism of the s-stem suffix (see under Stem).

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A neuter i-stem in Hittite is not likely to be borrowed from Luwian, because it does not possess such stems. Also, Luwian neuter stems in -i(t)- are transferred to the common gender when borrowed into Hittite. Therefore, it is assumed here that ḫūpalli- n. ‘skull’ matches Luw. ḫupallaš- ‘skull’. Since the Hittite i-stem is not established in the relevant dictionaries, the two diagnostic forms are offered here: nom./acc. sg. ḫu-u-pal-li (KUB 60.17, 3’), gen. sg. [ḫ]u-pal-li-aš (KUB 8.39, 5’).The nom./acc. sg. ḫu-u-pal-li at KUB 60.17, 3’ appears as ḫu-u-pal-li-i[š] in HW 2nd ed. Ḫ:730, but above see under Forms of Luw.Hitt.Tr. The emendation of [ḫ]u-pal-li-aš as [ḫ]u-pal-li〈-ša〉-aš (KUB 8.39, 5’; HW 2nd ed. Ḫ:730) is prompted by the alleged s-stem ḫūpalliš just cited. For further Hittite derivatives, see ḫapalliyatar and ḫappaliyant- (HW 2nd ed. Ḫ:206, with references).

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