ḫupallašā(i)-^(di) (or ḫupallaš(a)i-^(di))

The sole attestation of the verb occurs in a text from the Tauriša tradition.

[E.R.]

part. acc. sg. c.

ḫu-pa-al-⸢la-ša-i⸣-[mi-in]

KUB 35.107 ii 14’

(CTH 764, MS)

Checked against the photographs in the Mainzer Fotoarchiv. – The reading of the form ḫu-pa-al-⸢li-iš⸣-x vel sim. has been established since DLL:47 (followed in HW:385, HEG A-K:290, Starke 1985b:237, CLL:74, HHw:54, Steitler 2017a:390, DCL:s.v.), but collation of the photograph shows that it cannot be correct, since -li-iš ibid. ii 13’ takes up more space and the position of the wedges does not conform with that reading (see also Neu apud Rieken 1999a:194 n. 905).

[E.R.]

Building on the new reading, a verb can be posited as the origin of ḫapallašā(i)-^(mi) ‘to injure (the head)’ in Hittite transmission. This meaning suits the collocation with ḫarmaḫ(i)- ‘head’, which must be its head noun, itself the object of an action that is directed against its ailment.This renders obsolete the literature that builds on the erroneous reading and posits a stem ḫupall(i)- or ḫupalliš-, see under Graphic Features.

[E.R.]

The participial form suggests one of two stems, viz. ḫupallašā(i)-^(di) or ḫupallaš(a)i-^(di).

[E.R.]

The verb is found in the Laws and a letter (from MS onwards).

[E.R.]

3sg. pres. act.	ḫa-pal-la-ša-iz-zi	KBo 6.4 i 22	(CTH 291, NS)
part. nom. sg. c.	ḫu-u-pal-la-ša-a-an-za	KBo 13.111 l. col. 8’	(CTH 832, NS)
unknown	ḫa-ap-pa-la-x-x-x-x	HKM 30 rev. 20	(CTH 186, MS)

The participial interpretation of ḫu-u-pal-la-ša-a-an-za at KBo 13.111 l. col. 8’ (see already Rieken 1999a:194, HW 2nd ed. Ḫ:730f.; contra HED H:387, Ünal 2007a:232) is supported by the same form at ibid. l. col. 11’ and 12’ (kar-ša-an-za).

[E.R.]

Checked against the photographs in the Mainzer Fotoarchiv. – The assignment of the last form (following Alp 1991a:172f., Hoffner 2009a:154f., and HW 2nd ed. Ḫ:206) is less than certain, especially in view of the spelling with geminate -pp-, which is exceptional in the word family. The normal spelling with single -p- may represent an originally voiceless or voiced labial stop, since in word-initial clusters the second consonant does not appear in double spelling (see Watkins 1982a:455).

[E.R.]

In paragraph §10 of the Hittite Laws, Old Script ḫunikzi ... ištarnikzi “hurts ... makes ill” is replaced with sag.du-sú ḫapallašaizzi in the New Script parallel Text. Accordingly, ḫapallašā(i)- is generally translated as ‘to injure (the head)’ (similarly already Hrozný 1922a:82f.: “casser”; see, e.g., HW:54, Friedrich 1959a:50f., HED H:116f., Hoffner 1997a:275, HW 2nd ed. Ḫ:206, 730f., DCL:s.v.).

[E.R.]

The difference between the vowels in ḫapallašā(i)- ‘to injure (the head)’ and ḫupallaš- ‘skull’ obscured the relation between the two words; cf. the rejection of Puhvel’s (HED H:386f.) suggestion in CLL:74. Also, it led scholars to disconnect the stem ḫūpallašānt-, now contextually interpreted as a participle (Rieken 1999a:194, HW 2nd ed. Ḫ:730), from the verb and to assign it to the nominal s-stem, positing an (ergative) -ant- formation (thus HED H:387, Ünal 2007a:232). Furthermore, Starke 1990a: 324 n. 1138 doubted the reality of the s-stem ḫupallaš-. Finally, the derivational history was further obscured by the idea, going back to Alp 1957a:6f., that ḫupallaš- contains -alla- as its primary suffix and represents a secondary s-stem. Accordingly, Hoffner’s (Hoffner 1962a) proposal to see in ḫapallašā(i)- the denominative verb derived from a (“dialectal”) variant of ḫupallaš-, i.e. *ḫapallas-, was not accepted in CLL:74 (undecided DCL:s.v.) and Poetto 1973a:31f. n. 26. Only HED H:116, 387 and Rieken 1999a:194 take a positive stance.

Rejecting a -šša- imperfective stem on account of the consistent single spelling of the sibilant and the mi-conjugation (cf. HED H:116), Hoffner’s suggestion is taken up here again. Thus, ḫapallašā(i)- (or ḫupallašā(i)-) ‘to injure (in the head)’ derives from ḫupallaš- ‘skull’, which is analyzable as a primary Luwian s-stem built from a Luwian root ḫupall-/ḫapall-. The disyllabic shape of the root emerged from the anaptyxis in the word-initial cluster /Hp-/ (for the spelling with singleton -p-, see under Graphic Features).

[E.R.]

A Luwian origin of the verb is assumed by Hoffner 1997b:177 and Melchert 2005a:457f., implicitly also by Rieken 1999a:194, as the derivative of a Luwian noun, see under ḫupallaš-.

[E.R.]

For the lemma head see CLuw. ḫupallaš-.