tiyari(t)-

The attestations are found in an oracle report and mythological texts (all NS).

[E.R.]

nom./acc. pl.	GIŠti-ia-ri-ta	KUB 33.106 i 6’	(CTH 345, NS)
	GIŠ!ti-ia-ri-ta	IBoT 2.129 obv. 5’	(CTH 574, NS)
	[G]IŠti-ia-ri-ta	KUB 16.35 i 4	(CTH 574, NS)
dat./loc. pl. (Hitt.)	GIŠti-ia-ri-da-aš	KUB 33.106 iv 21’	(CTH 345, NS)
	GIŠti-ia-ri-ta-[aš]	KBo 26.68, 1’	(CTH 345, NS)
unknown	GIŠti-i[a-ri-ta-	KBo 26.66, 5’	(CTH 345, NS)

The forms of ^GIŠtiyarra- (gen. tiyarraš ezen₄ at KUB 45.49 iv 12; inst. ^GIŠti-ya-ar-ri-it at KUB 33.114 i 9’ [for case, see also DCL:247f.]; ^GIŠti-i-ia-a[r-r° at KBo 51.10, 4’) assigned to the same stem, differ from ^GIŠtiyari(t)- not only by the geminate -rr-, but also by stem class. Moreover, contra CHD Š: 197f., ^GIŠti-ya-ar-ri-it cannot be the neuter acc. sg. of ^GIŠtiyari(t)-, against all accepted rules for the adaptation of Luwian -i(t)- stems (for which see Starke 1990a:152f.). It is possible that ^GIŠtiyarra- is related to Hurr. tiyari- ‘spindle’ (see Starke 1990a:218-220 and HEG T:367-369 for references), but then, too, the a-stem is unexpected.

[E.R.]

Checked against the photographs in the Mainzer Fotoarchiv. – The duplicate KUB 16.35 i 4 confirms the reading of the determinative GIŠ^! at IBoT 2.129 obv. 5’. – Starke 1990a:219 considers as a second option a reading ^GIŠti-ya-ar-ri-da^! at KUB 33.114 i 9’.

[E.R.]

The equation with the logogram ^GIŠmar.gíd.da and meaning ‘wagon’ was long established (since Otten apud Güterbock 1952a:18; see HEG T:367-369 for references), before Starke 1990a:218-220 (building on Haas & Wilhelm 1974a:178) advocated the identity with Hurr. tiyari- ‘spindle’ and a metonymical transfer of the word to a part of the wagon still to be identified (considered with hesitation in HHw:176 and Ünal 2007a:725). Melchert (CLL:231 and DCL:247f.) rejects the idea, partly on account of the consistent plural forms, and considers a “[c]onnection with ‘wagon’ still likely.” In fact, the supposed switch in spelling from ^GIŠmar.gíd.da to ^GIŠtiyari(t)- at KUB 33.106 i 5’f. makes an identification unlikely, but still ^GIŠtiyari(t)- must be a part of the wagon that is firmly associated with the wagon. Because of ibid. iv 19’-22’, there seems to be no need for the additional reference to the wagon when the Storm-god mounts it to go to the sea. Since the ^GIŠtiyari(t)- shakes when being mounted (ninink-^(mi), CHD L-N:438-443), the wagon body represents the most likely candidate. A wagon body can also be decorated with metal and listed among items like an arimpa- ‘pillar (?)’, ladder, and stool (IBoT 2.129 obv. 5’, KUB 16.35 i 4).

The tentative meaning assignment accords well with Weeks’ (Weeks 1985a:160) suggestion of a connection with tiye/a-^(mi) ‘to step’ with reference to ^GIŠgigir^ḪI.A tiyawaš ‘chariot for stepping’ (vs. ^GIŠgigir^ḪI.A ašannaš ‘chariot for sitting’), which is rejected in HEG T:369, but taken up here again.

[E.R.]

Without doubt, the stem (possibly a plurale tantum; cf. CLL:231) belongs to the class of Luwian neuters in -i(t)-. If it should hence be Luwian, the stem would derive a deverbal stem *tiya-ra- in -ra- (transferred from deradical -ra- as in atraḫi(t)-). Thus, also the Luwian verb tiya-, base of tiyasa-⁽ⁱ⁾ ‘to step’, only recently recovered, is confirmed; cf. also HLuw. /tiyari(ya)-/.

[E.R.]

The assumed Luwian origin of the noun depends on the stem formation, more specifically the -i(t)- suffix (Starke 1990a:218-220, CLL:231, HHw:176, DCL:247f.).

[E.R.]