/tabarahid-/, LEPUS2-pa+ra/i-hi-
‘command’
- Language
- Hieroglyphic Luwian
- Grammar
- subst, n.
- ID
- 3818
1. Individual Anatolian Languages
1.1 Hieroglyphic Luwian
/tabarahid-/, LEPUS2-pa+ra/i-hi-
‘command’1.1.1Transmission
This hapax is attested in a single inscription from Maraş, dating to the mid-9th century BCE.
[A.P.]
1.1.2Forms
| nom./acc. sg. | /tabarahi/ | LEPUS2-pa+ra/i-hi | MARAŞ 4, §8 (Maraş) |
Regarding the morphological analysis of the form attested in MARAŞ 4, §8 as the nom./acc. sg. of a neuter noun, see the discussion of the stem below.
[A.P.]
1.1.3Graphic Features
1.1.3.1Phonological Interpretation
The phonological interpretation of this noun is quite secure, since it belongs to the word family around HLuw. /tabar-(ti)/ (or /tabari-(ti)/) ‘to rule’ with cognates in CLuw. tapar-(ti) ‘to rule’ and derivatives, and Hittite tapariyā(i)-(mi) ‘to rule’. Based on the spelling, it cannot be said with certainty whether the form attested at MARAŞ 4, §8 should be understood as /tabarahid-/ or /tabarihid-/, since the sign 〈+ra/i〉 is underspecified; cf. also the discussion of the stem below.
As is usual for Luwian, word final stops are dropped, resulting in the stem-final /d/ being deleted in the nom./acc. sg. of this neuter noun, cf. e.g. Melchert 2003b:182; on the lack of the neuter particle /-sa, -za/, see the discussion of the stem below.
[AH.B.]
1.1.4Meaning
The general sense of the word derives from its morphology as a likely deverbal abstract, and ‘authority’ was suggested by Hawkins 1972a:111. The present translation as ‘command’ retains a closer link with the derivational basis and is hence preferred here. In MARAŞ 4, §8 is part of the historical portion of the inscription: mi-pa-wa/i-tà tá-ti-i AVUS-ha-ha LEPUS-pa+ra/i-hi sa-ta, approx. /ammi=ba=wa tadi huha=ha tabarahi asta/, meaning ‘The command was to/with my father and grandfather, (but neither father nor grandfather allowed it to themselves)’ (cf. Hawkins 2000a:256-258).
[AH.B.]
1.1.5Stem
Following Yakubovich 2002b:98, this noun likely represents an abstract in /-ahid-/, a suffix that usually produces neuter gender nouns (cf. e.g. Yakubovich 2015b:6.2). In the context of attestation in MARAŞ 4, §8, the word appears without the otherwise ubiquitous neuter particle /-sa, -za/, very probably to mark its use as a subject in that clause.The other, more common way of putting neuter nouns into a subject function is their derivation with the suffix /-ant(i)-/, a practice seen in both Luwian and Hittite, cf. Yakubovich 2015b:6.2. Depending on the stem of the derivational basis, the initial vowel of the suffix /-ahid-/ can be elided. If the basis for the present word is the verb in /-i-(ti)/, i.e. /tabari-(ti)/, the resulting form is likely /tabari(ya)hid-/.
Previous morphological analyses, e.g. Laroche 1960c:73f. and Mittelberger 1962a:285, are outdated due to incorrect sign interpretations; see already Hawkins 1972a:111 for the corrected readings.
[AH.B.]
For the lemma head, see HLuw. /tabar-(ti)/.