/tarzanu(wa)-(i)/, (PES2)tara/i-za-nu-wa/i-
‘to cause to turn, to turn (trans.)’
- Language
- Hieroglyphic Luwian
- Grammar
- verb
- ID
- 3775
1. Individual Anatolian Languages
1.1 Hieroglyphic Luwian
/tarzanu(wa)-(i)/, (PES2)tara/i-za-nu-wa/i-
‘to cause to turn, to turn (trans.)’1.1.1Transmission
This lexeme is attested six times in inscriptions from Karkamiš and Emirgazi, dating from the 13th to the late 10th or early 9th century BCE.
[A.P.]
1.1.2Forms
| 3pl. pres. act. | /tarzanuwanti/ | tara/i-zi/a-nú-wa/i-ti | EMİRGAZİ 1A, §9 (Emirgazi) |
| 3sg./pl.? pret. act. | /tarzanuwa(n)ta/ | (P[ES2])tara/i-[z]a-nú-[w]a/i-ta | KARKAMIŠ A29g, l.1 (Karkamiš) |
| 3pl. pret. act. | /tarzanuwanta/ | (PES2)tara/i-za-nu-wa/i-tá | KARKAMIŠ A11a, §6 (Karkamiš) |
| 3pl. impv. act. | /tarzanuwantu/ | tara/i-zi/a-nú-wa/i-tu | EMİRGAZİ 1A, §26 (Emirgazi) |
| tara/i-zi/a-nú-wa/i-tu | EMİRGAZİ 1B, §26 (Emirgazi) | ||
| [tara/i-zi/a-nú-]wa/i-tu | EMİRGAZİ 1C, §26 (Emirgazi) |
For the interpretation of the form tara/i-zi/a-nú-wa/i-ti as 3pl. pres. act. instead of 3sg. pres., see Sasseville 2021a:469f.
[A.P.]
1.1.3Graphic Features
1.1.3.1Phonological Interpretation
The phonological interpretation of this word appears to be clear because of its attested spelling and transparent morphology, cf. the discussion of the stem below. Moreover, it belongs to the family around /tarza-/ ‘to turn’, and whatever scope for interpretation is left by the HLuw. writing system is mitigated by the cognate CLuw. tarza- ‘to turn’ (cf. e.g. Rieken 2004a:464).
[AH.B.]
1.1.4Meaning ‘to cause to turn, to turn (trans.)’
The meaning is assigned on the basis of the etymological links of this verb as well as its morphological structure as a causative, as noted by Hawkins 1995a:94, 99f. Since the verb appears exclusively in negatively connotated contexts (mostly curse formulae), Hawkins considers ‘to cause/do harm’, an interpretation that was further specified by Rieken 2004a:460f. to transitive ‘to turn away/down’. The meaning can be observed e.g. in KARKAMIŠ A11a, §6: [*a-wa/i-m]u-tá REGIO-ní-ia *314(-)sá-pa-za kwa/i-a-ti INFRA-na-na ARHA (PES2)tara/i-za-nu-wa/i-tá, approx. /…=mu=tta wattaniya …-saPan=za kwadi annan ahha tarzanuwanta/, meaning ‘(My kinsmen moved away from me), as they caused the countries to turn away from under me’ (cf. Hawkins 2000a:95).
[AH.B.]
1.1.5Stem
This verb represents a causative in /-nu(wa)-(i)/ and derives from the also attested /tarza-/ ‘to turn oneself’, see Sasseville 2021a:469f.
[AH.B.]
For the lemma head, see HLuw. */tarkw-/.