wašku(i)-
‘sin, failure’
- Language
- Cuneiform Luwian
- Grammar
- subst, c.
- ID
- 3758
1. Individual Anatolian Languages
1.1 Luwian in Hittite transmission
wašku(i)-
‘sin, failure’1.1.1Transmission
The lexeme is attested more than a hundred times in NH texts, mostly oracle reports.
[E.R.]
1.1.2Forms
| nom. sg. | wa-aš-ku-iš | KUB 49.5 i 21’ | (CTH 573, NS) |
| ⸢wa⸣-aš-ku-iš | KUB 49.5 i 22’ | (CTH 573, NS) | |
| acc. sg. | wa-aš-ku-in | KBo 24.122, 25’ | (CTH 580, NS) |
| wa-aš-ku-un | KUB 18.63 rev. 20’ | (CTH 574, NS) | |
| dat./loc. sg. | ⸢wa⸣-aš-ku-i | IBoT 2.129 obv. 26 | (CTH 574, NS) |
| abl. (Hitt.) | wa-aš-ku-wa-az | KUB 49.75/78, 6’ | (CTH 582, NS) |
| nom. pl. (Hitt.) | wa-aš-ku-i-e-eš | KUB 5.6 i 38’ | (CTH 570, NS) |
| wa-aš-ku-uš | KBo 24.122, 24’ | (CTH 580, NS) | |
| acc. pl. (Hitt.) | wa-aš-ku-i-e-eš | KUB 5.6 i 7’ | (CTH 570, NS) |
| wa-aš-ku-uš | KUB 18.63 rev. 27’ | (CTH 574, NS) | |
| dat./loc. pl. (Hitt.) | wa-aš-ku-wa-aš | KUB 18.16, 5 | (CTH 582, NS) |
| dat./loc. pl.(!) | wa-aš-ku-i!-e!-eš! | KUB 5.6 ii 18’ | (CTH 570, NS) |
1.1.3Graphic Features
Checked against the photographs in the Mainzer Fotoarchiv. – The apparent oblique case form wa-[aš]-⸢ku⸣-i-ia-aš (KUB 15.6 i 16’, cited in Weitenberg 1984a:270, de Roos 2007a:156, EDHIL:983, HEG U-Z:398) is very likely to be read as wa-[aš]-⸢da⸣-i-ia-aš, instead.
[E.R.]
1.1.3.1Phonological Interpretation
The frequent nom./acc. pl. c. waškuš (instead of **waškumuš) can be considered perfectly regular under the assumption that the spelling renders a phonological shape /waskw-/.
[E.R.]
1.1.4Meaning
Since Sommer apud Friedrich 1926a:199, the meaning was recognized as “ein Anlaß zum Zorne der Gottheit, den man wieder gutmachen muß”, i.e. ‘sin, iniquity, offense’, and has as such entered the handbooks (HW:248, DLL:109, Weitenberg 1984a:270, Starke 1990a:180f., CLL:265, Ünal 2007a:794, EDHIL:983, HEG U-Z:398; different HHw:s.v. “Angriff”).
[E.R.]
1.1.5Stem
While the stem waškuwa- is found throughout the entire paradigm, waškui- occurs only in the nom. and acc. sg. and pl. in accordance with Luwian i-mutation. The latter may therefore be based on CLuw. waškui(t)- n. with the usual transfer to the common gender as claimed by Starke 1990a:180f., but a stem waškuw(i)- with i-mutated forms directly borrowed from Luw. waškuw(i)- would be more economical (CLL:265). CLuw. waškuw(i)- also represents the base of wašku(wa)llima/i-.
[E.R.]
1.1.6Derivatives
- wašku(wa)llimma/i-
- waškui(t)-
- waškuwan-
- DWaškuwattašša/i- / DUškuwattašša/i- (HEG U-Z:400 with references)
1.1.6.1Uncertain Derivatives
1.1.7Origin
The specifically Luwian sound change *-du̯V- > -ku̯V- (see under Reconstruction of the lemma head) and the i-mutated forms indicate a Luwian borrowing, which is widely accepted (DLL:109, Starke 1990a:180f., CLL:265, Melchert 2005a:450, EDHIL:983, HEG U-Z:398; differently Weitenberg 1984a:270: ‘gemeinanatolisch’; not listed in van den Hout 2006a).
[E.R.]
For the lemma head see CLuw. wašt(a)-.
waškui