āppala-

The sole occurrence of āppali is found in the treaty with the Ḫabiru.

[E.R.]

Otten 1957a:220 integrated acc. + āppali dā- ‘to take in deception’ (syntactically parallel with acc. + takšuli dā- ‘to take (a city) in peace’) and dat./loc. + ap-pa-a-li da-a-i (KBo 6.34+ i 22’, i 41’, ii 1, ii 12) into a single lemma, thus rejecting Friedrich’s (HW:25) and Güterbock’s (apud Hoffner 1974a:125 n. 192) earlier analyses of da-a-i as a 3sg. pres. act. of dai-/te-/tiya-^(ḫi) ‘to set’. The new account was generally accepted (cf. Oettinger 1976b:6-9, 25 with n. 9, 77f., 100, Hoffner 1980a:201, HEG A-K:43, Starke 1990a:318f., HED A:95, Melchert 2005a:448). However, contra the common opinion, the former analysis is revived here, and it is maintained that ap-pa-a-li does not belong to the present lemma, at least not directly. Not only does the plene spelling of the suffix syllable in ap-pa-a-li differ from that of āppali, but also the construction with an indirect object (n=ašta ana lugal kur ^URUḪatti appāli dai ‘he sets up a snare for the king of the Ḫatti-land’, i.e. ‘he deceives the king of the Ḫatti-land’) is different from acc. + āppali/takšuli dā- ‘to take (somone) in ...-ness’. Instead, appāli- matches exactly the pattern of Hittite deverbal instrument nouns in -āli- n. (cf. ḫulāli-, see Rieken 1999a:440 n. 2174). While it is not excluded that Hitt. appāli- n. is inspired by a Luw. *āppal-, its formation is genuinely Hittite.

[E.R.]

Checked against the photographs in the Mainzer Fotoarchiv.

[E.R.]

The received semantic interpretation as ‘trap, snare, deception’ (Friedrich 1947a:276, HW:25, van Brock 1962a:95, Oettinger 1976b:6-9, 25 with n. 9, 77f., 100, Hoffner 1980a:201, HEG A-K:43, HW 2nd ed. A:162, Starke 1990a:318f., CLL:21, HED A:95f., HHw:18, Melchert 2005a:448, Ünal 2007a:38) relied on the attestations of appāli- (for this erroneous connection, see under Forms), on its derivative appalā(i)-^(mi) ‘to deceive’, and the meaning of its assumed verbal base Hitt. ēp(p)-/app-^(mi) ‘to seize, hold’ (now replaceable with Luw. āp(p)-^(ti) ‘to seize, hold’).

[E.R.]

The Luwian origin of āppala- and the resulting changes in the interpretation of its stem formation were recognized by Starke 1990a:318-322 and accepted in CLL:21, HED A:95, Rieken 1999a:440 n. 2174. He analyzed Hitt. āppala- as a borrowing of Luw. *āppal-, assuming the normal concomitant thematization, which led him to posit the Hittite a-stem for the ambiguous dat./loc. sg. āppali. As its base, he identified Luw. āp(p)-^(ti) ‘to seize, hold’ (still only reconstructed at the time), whereas the suffix is -āl- (here derived from *-ó-lo-) for the formation of instrument nouns.For outdated inner-Hittite derivations, see the other references listed under Meaning and in HEG A-K:43. HW 2nd ed. A:162 analyzes āppali as the dat./loc. sg. of an i-stem.

[E.R.]

1. appaliyalla-

2. āppalā(i)-^(mi)

Arguing that the initial plene spelling in ⸢a⸣-ap-pa-li at KUB 36.106 obv. 8 and its derivative a-ap-pa-la-a-u-e-ni= at KBo 16.50 obv. 14 is incompatible with the weak stem app- of Hitt. ēp(p)-/app-^(mi) ‘to seize, hold’, Starke 1990a:320 (followed in CLL:21, Rieken 1999a:448 n. 2212, and Melchert 2005a:448) demonstrated that Hitt. āppala- goes back to Luw. *āppal- ‘instrument of seizing’ (see also on the suffix -alla- in appaliyalla-).

[E.R.]