appaliyalla-

The sole occurrence of the lexeme is found in an Old Hittite blessing for the Hittite king.

[E.R.]

Checked against the photographs in the Mainzer Fotoarchiv.

[E.R.]

The word appears in a passage, in which the house of the appaliyalla- is said to be built “in front of the flood”, i.e. in a dangerous and unstable location, whereas the house of the Labarna, the Hittite king, is built safely on rock (ibid. rev. 13’-16’f.). As a consequence, the appaliyalla- must be an opponent of the Hittite king. Furthermore, the translations found in the handbooks are based on the ultimate derivation from *āppal(V)- ‘trap’ (for the varying spellings and the diverse identifications of the stem class); thus HW:35 (‘Fallensteller(?), Gegner’), van Brock 1962a:94f. (‘trompeur’), HEG A-K:43 (‘Fallensteller(?)’), Starke 1990a:318 (without translation), HED A, E, I:95 (‘trapper, ensnarer, ambusher, deceiver’), Güterbock apud Hoffner 1974a:125 n. 193 (‘deceiver, traitor(?)’), HW 2nd ed. A:164 (‘Fallensteller (Feind)’), HHw:18 (‘Fallensteller → Betrüger, Heuchler; Gegner, Feind’), Ünal 2007a:38 (‘trapper, ensnarer, ambusher, deceiver, deceitful person, enemy, foe’). Ultimately, this semantic interpretation goes back to Forrer 1928b:32 (‘Feind(?)’) and Friedrich 1947a:276 (‘Gegner(?), Feind(?)’ from ‘Fallensteller’ and ‘Nachsteller, Gegner’).

[E.R.]

While it is clear that, synchronically, appaliyalla- is a Hittite a-stem, its derivational history is disputed. The solution presented below builds heavily on Starke 1990a:319 and CLL:21. Thus it is assumed here that the Luwian base *āppal- ‘trap’ (see āppala-) was derived with the adjectival suffix -i(ya)- ‘related to the trap, deceiving’ or verbal -i-^(ti) ‘to trap’, both of which could lead to a non-mutating abstract noun in -a- (*āppaliya- c. ‘trapping, deceiving’). To this substantive, the productive formant -alla/i- was attached. The resulting stem *āppaliyalla/i- ‘related to trapping/deceiving’ was either substantivized as ‘the person related to trapping/deceiving’ (and turned into an a-stem in Old Hittite), or it was individualized by means of another -a- suffix to form āppaliyalla- c. ‘the trapping/deceiving one’.Outdated inner-Hittite analyses are found in van Brock 1962a:95 and Kronasser 1966a:172 and 480, followed in HEG A-K:43.

[E.R.]

Starke 1990a:320 claimed a Luwian origin for appaliyalla-, pointing out that the initial plene spelling of its base word in ⸢a⸣-ap-pa-li at KUB 36.106 obv. 8 and of a-ap-pa-la-a-u-e-ni at KBo 16.50 obv. 14 unambiguously indicates that the root cannot be identical with the Hittite weak verbal stem app- (always ap-p°) ‘to seize, hold’. Instead, Starke adduces other Luwian root verbs with the allomorphy āCC-/aCC-. In addition, the spelling of the stem final suffix with geminate -ll- (in contrast with Hitt. -Ca-a-la-) speaks for a Luwian -alla/i- adjective as part of the derivational process. Starke’s arguments were accepted in CLL:21, Rieken 1999a:448 n. 2212, and Melchert 2005a:448.

[E.R.]

For the lemma head see CLuw. āp(p)-^(ti).