āppalā(i)-^(mi)

The verb is found in an instruction, an oath, and an annalistic text, viz. the Deeds of Šuppiluliuma (from MS onwards).

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Checked against the photographs in the Mainzer Fotoarchiv.

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Building on Friedrich 1924a:172 (‘verspotten’ or ‘betrügen’) and Sommer 1937a:177, Friedrich 1947a:276 was finally able elucidate the meaning of āppalā(i)- when he found a new attestation of the verb (KBo 5.6 iii 54) that pointed to ‘to deceive’: ⁽⁵⁴⁾... ma-a-an ^LÚme-še-di-ma ^(55)LÚni.du₈ ap-pa-la-a-iz-zi na-aš-ta ^GIŠšukur kat-ta pé-da-a-i ^LÚme-še-di-ma-an ú-ul a-uš-zi ⁽⁵⁶⁾nu ^LÚme-še-di ^LÚni.du₈ wa-aš-du-li e-ep-zi “but if the guard deceives the gatekeeper and carries the spear down without the gatekeeper seeing him, then the guard shall apprehend the gatekeeper on his fault” (after Güterbock & van den Hout 1991a:10f.). The other two texts support the interpretation: KBo 16.50 obv. 14 contains an oath “we shall not deceive him” (Miller 2013a:242f.), and KBo 5.6 iii 47-50 reports the considerations of Šuppiluliuma when he received the letter from the Egyptian queen asking for one of his sons to marry her: “Maybe they have a son of their lord! Maybe they deceive me and do not want a son for the kingship!” (Güterbock 1956a:96). Accordingly, the interpretation entered the handbooks (HW:25, Kronasser 1966a:172, HEG A-K:43, HW 2nd ed. A:163, HED A:95f., CLL:21, HHw:18, Ünal 2007a:38).

[E.R.]

It is generally agreed that āppalā(i)- represents a denominative verb derived from āppala- ‘trap, snare, deception’; cf. Kronasser 1966a:172, CLL:21, HHw:18, HW 2nd ed. A:163 (base: appali), HEG A-K:43; probably also HED A:95f.; van Brock 1962a:95 still posits a verb appaliya-; Starke 1990a:318f. starts from a stem-allomorphic verb ā̆ppalyi-*/ā̆ppalai̯i-*).

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While āppala- ‘trap, snare, deception’ should be analyzed as the adaptation of a Luwian loanword *āppal-, the derivation of āppalā(i)- itself follows genuinely Hittite patterns (see under Stem).

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For the lemma head see CLuw. āp(p)-^(ti).