arwo-^(d)

This lexeme is found in a grave inscription datable to the reign of one of the three Artaxerxes (i.e. 15 years after the beginning of the reign); cf. Gusmani 1964a:18 and Gérard 2005a:20 “III. 344 BCE (?)”.

[D.S.]

inf.

arwol

LW 2.9 (Sardis)

Interpreted rightly as an infinitive by Carruba 1960a:54 and Melchert 1991a:132 (see Gérard 2005a:113 for an overview); outdated Brandenstein 1929a:286f., Meriggi 1935a:89 and Zgusta 1955a:524 “participle”.

[D.S.]

Since it refers to a prohibited action towards something pertaining to something else belonging to the owner’s tomb, the meaning ‘to appropriate, take away’ was suggested by Carruba 1960a:54, Heubeck 1963a:546 and Melchert 1991a:132 (and followed by Gusmani 1964a:65, Melchert 1999a:245, Dusinberre 2003a:229, Gérard 2005a:113 and Sasseville 2017a:130); contra Brandenstein 1929a:286f. “making” and Meriggi 1935a:89 “abusing”. For further evidence, see under Origin.

[D.S.]

For Lydian verbs in -o-^(d), see Sasseville 2021a:179-184.

[D.S.]

From an etymological perspective, Melchert 1999a tries to identify an Anatolian root ar- with a meaning from the domain of ‘ownership, possession’. Unfortunately, most examples that he uses are now attributed to a root with different semantics (see CLuw. *ārla(/i)- and its derivatives). However, it is still worth comparing Lyd. alarm- ‘own (?)’, whose root is still semantically close enough if it represents a reduplication al-ar- < *ar-ar-. Whereas Melchert 1999a:245 adduces dissimilation as a phonological explanation, we are now able to suggest a more coherent alternative, i.e. intervocalic flapping of *r > l before back vowels (see Sasseville 2021e).The sole instance of ararms (LW 14.11) would thus be a case of sporadic assimilation. For an Indo-European etymology, see the suggestion of Melchert 1999a:245f.

[D.S.]