/zallaniya-(i)/, (“LITUUS+PA”)za-la-ní-
‘to move, turn’
- Language
- Hieroglyphic Luwian
- Grammar
- verb
- ID
- 2745
1. Individual Anatolian Languages
1.1 Hieroglyphic Luwian
/zallaniya-(i)/, (“LITUUS+PA”)za-la-ní-
‘to move, turn’1.1.1Transmission
Both occurrences of this lexeme originate from two inscriptions from Tell Ahmar, dating to the late 10th or early 9th century BCE.
[AH.B.]
1.1.2Forms
| 3sg. pres. ind. act. | /zallaniyai/ | LITUUS.PA-la-ni-ia-i | TELL AHMAR 2, §16 (Tell Ahmar) |
| 3sg. pret. ind. act. | /zallanitta/ | (“LITUUS+PA”)za-la-ní-ta | TELL AHMAR 1, §17 (Tell Ahmar) |
The two forms attested in TELL AHMAR 1 and 2 were suspected to belong together by Hawkins 1980d:138f. and confirmed by Kalaç 1986b:258.
[AH.B.]
1.1.3Graphic Features
1.1.3.1Phonological Interpretation
The phonological interpretation of this verb is reasonably secure, save for the quality of the lateral, which may or may not be a geminate. It has been suggested (see the discussions under Meaning and Stem below) that the word belongs to the Luwian family around CLuw. zalla- ‘trot’ and HLuw. /zallalla-/ ‘cart’, which would help determine the lateral as geminate. If the etymological link should prove to be different, however, it is possible that the phonological shape is /zalaniya-/ instead.
That the sign 〈pa〉 acts as a phonetic indicator in the case of the present lemma was established by Hawkins 1980d:138f.
[AH.B.]
1.1.4Meaning
A first interpretation of the verb as ‘to look’ vel sim. was attempted by Hawkins 1980d:138f., who considered the curse formula protasis in TELL AHMAR 2, §16: [NEG2]-a-pa-wa/i-ti *a-mi-i-na FEMINA-ti-i-na LITUUS.PA-la-ni-ia-i (FEMINA.FEMINA)á-ma-na-sa5+ra/i-i-na, approx. /naba=wa=di ammin wanattin zalaniyai amanasrin/, interpreted as ‘Or who shall turn my wife into a concubine for himself’. The etymological connection with CLuw. zalla- ‘speed, movement’ and further Anatolian cognates has since shown with some probability that the verb instead denotes ‘to move, turn’, which is also supported by the context in TELL AHMAR 1, §17: a-wa/i-mu CRUS-ni-˹mi˺-i-sa (“FRONS”)ha-ta-za INFRA-na-na (“LITUUS+PA”)za-la-ní-ta, approx. /a=wa=mu tanimis hatan=za annan zallanitta/, meaning ‘And everyone turned (their) face to me’.Against Hawkins 2000a:242, the noun /hantan=za/ is a perfectly formed nom./acc. sg. of a neuter a-stem. See Sasseville 2021a:413f. for a brief overview of other translations suggested.
[AH.B.]
1.1.5Stem
The present verb is likely cognate with /zallalla(/i)-/ ‘cart’ and thus also CLuw. zalla- ‘speech, movement’. Its derivational base seems otherwise unattested in HLuw. such as */zallan-/ vel sim., from which it would be derived with help of the suffix /-iya-(i)/.
A different, though related suggestion regarding the base is described by Sasseville 2021a:413f., who tentatively follows Yakubovich (pers. comm.) and links the verb to the adverb /zalan/ ‘aside’.Yakubovich regards it as /zallan/ ‘in motion’, following Starke 1995a:40 who drew a connection to CLuw. /zalla-/. However, /zalan/ is regarded here as etymologically unrelated to the word family around CLuw. /zalla-/ ‘speed, movement’.
[AH.B.]
For the lemma head, see Luw. */zal(l)-/.