zalla-

The word is found in hippological instructions (from MS onward) and a NS fragment of the Military Oaths.

[E.R.]

While zallati is the genuinely Luwian ending in the NS Kikkuli version, the MS version shows the Hittite ending of an adapted loanword.

[E.R.]

Checked against the photographs in the Mainzer Fotoarchiv.

[E.R.]

As already observed by Potratz 1938a:202f., zallati/zallaz penna-/-i(ya)-⁽ⁱ⁾ denotes a slow pace or horse gait as opposed to parḫ- ‘to rush (horses), to let (horses) galop’ (hesitantly also HW:258: Langsamkeit??). Kammenhuber 1961a:48 opts for ‘to let (horses) trot’, followed by most scholars (cf. Starke 1990a:546, Starke 1995a:41, EDHIL:1027, HHw:s.v., Mottausch 2011a:67, HEG U-Z:628-632; undecided Ünal 2007a:812). The opposition is most clearly seen in KBo 3.5 i 6-8: ⁽⁶⁾nekuz meḫur=ma ⁽⁷⁾[tūriyanz]i nu 1 danna zallati pennai ⁽⁸⁾[ana 7 iku=m]a parḫanzi “In the evening, they [harne]ss (the horses), it (scil. the team) goes a mile zallati, bu[t] they let (it) galop [7 iku-mea]sures.”

However, Melchert (CLL:275) points out that the meaning as given in the handbooks is context-dependent and, accordingly, proposes a more general sense ‘speed, quickness (?)’. In spite of Starke’s argument that the trot is the usual gait for horses pulling a cart, both zalt(i)-, derived from the same root meaning ‘cart, wagon’, and the abstract noun zallauwar/un-, denoting movement of the Moon-god in the womb of the pregnant woman, are easier to reconcile with ‘movement, speed’ than with ‘trot, drive, tour’. Therefore, the former is accepted here.

[E.R.]

The attested forms do not permit a decision between a neuter stem and a non-mutated a-stem with common gender.

[E.R.]

1. zallauwar/un-

On account of the case form zallati, the foreign origin of zalla- was never in doubt. It was recognized as Luwian in DLL:112 (as an alternative to Hurrian), Starke 1990a:220 and 546, CLL:275, Starke 1995a:40f., Rieken 1997a:170f., Melchert 2005a:449, van den Hout 2006a:248, HHw:204, HEG U-Z:628-632; unclear EDHIL:1027.Outdated are the attempts to derive the word from Hurrian in Kammenhuber 1952a:102 with n. 76, Friedrich 1947a:13, 15, HW:258, DLL:112, and Kammenhuber 1961a:366.

[E.R.]

For the lemma head, see Luw. */zal(l)-/.