zallauwar/un-

The sole attestation is found in the NS birth ritual of Pittei, which abounds with gloss wedge words.

[E.R.]

Checked against the photographs in the Mainzer Fotoarchiv.

[E.R.]

The lexeme occurs in a passage of a birth ritual, in which the Moon-god arms himself to attack the unborn child. Then he sets off: [n]a-aš-kán an-da-an za-al-la-u-wa-ra i-ia-an-ni-iš “then he entered ...” (Beckman 1983a:176f.) or “then, inside he went ...”. The earlier attempts by Beckman 1977a:227, 446 (followed in Ünal 2007a:812) and Neumann 1988b:188 saw in zallauwara a locality or, more specifically, a building. However, the first important step towards a more promising semantic elucidation of the lexeme goes back to Starke 1981a:146 n. 145, 149 n. 25, 155 n. 58, who recognized that zallauwara is the nom./acc. pl. of a verbal noun derived from an unattested verbal stem *zallai̯i- (his notation), itself built from zalla- (a pace of horses, now: ‘trot’). Later, Neumann 1987a:282 noted that the nom./acc. pl. accompanying the intransitive verb ‘to go, march, (intr.) to drive (with a wagon)’ could either be an adverbial use of the case form or may represent the internal object (like ‘to walk a path). The latter solution is taken up by Starke 1990a:544f. and he argues that the lack of an etymological connection between the verb iyanna-/-i(ya)- and its internal object zallauwar points to a specification of the locomotion (likewise Beckman 1983a:176f., 184). He translates the meaning of the underlying verbal stem with ‘(intr.) to drive’, developed from ‘to trot’, which he reconstructs from the semantics of the base noun zalla- ‘trot’ (accepted in Carruba 2000c:63). While the general thrust of the argument is followed by Melchert, he pleads for a more abstract meaning referring to speed, hence ‘quick movement’ (or sim), adv. ‘quickly’ (CLL:275, followed in Giorgieri 2004a:410, 412, Bachvarova 2013a:136f., Sasseville 2021a:414). Tischler (in HHw:s.v. and HEG U-Z:630, 631f., similarly EDHIL:1027) tends towards slower pace (‘mit gemessenen Schritten’), while Rieken 1997a:171f. is undecided.

The solution that accounts most easily for all the meanings attested in the entire word family is that of an abstract ‘speed, movement’, which varies contextually, as pointed out in CLL:275.

[E.R.]

On the derivational chain zalla- → *zallā(i)- → zallawar/un- proposed by Starke, see under Meaning.

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On account of the gloss wedges (used frequently in this text with unambiguously Luwian lexemes), the etymological relationship with CLuw. zalt(i)- and congeners, and the specifically Luwian combination of the suffix -war with the ending -a, there is no doubt about the Luwian origin of the word; thus also assumed in Neumann 1987a:282, Starke 1990a:544-547, CLL:275, Rieken 1997a:171f., Carruba 2000c:63 (but see also under zalt(i)- for the suggestion of an ultimately Indo-Aryan origin, reported under ^GIŠzaltai(ya)-), van den Hout 2006a:247, HHw:s.v., HEG U-Z:629, Sasseville 2021a:414.

[E.R.]

For the lemma head, see Luw. */zal(l)-/.