šarkiwal(i)-

This lexeme, which is mostly restored, is found in a ritual text. Its existence is, however, assured by its occurrences in Hittite passages; see below.

[D.S.]

nom. sg. c. (?)

šar-k[i-wa-li-iš]

KUB 35.108, 14’

(CTH 765, MS)

The restoration and identification of the adjective šarkiwal(i)- was already mentioned by Otten 1953a:38 based on the collocation with CLuw. a-aš-ḫa-nu-wa-an-ti-iš ^DU.GUR-aš in analogy to the ritual of CTH 767, in which the šarkiwaliyeš nakkiyeš appear together again with iš-ḫar-nu-wa-an-da-an ^DU.GUR-an (likewise Starke 1985b:240 n. 144). In this case, however, it is possible that the adjective belongs together with a-aš-ḫa-nu-wa-an-ti-iš ^DU.GUR-aš (thus Rieken & Sasseville 2019a:526f.), but this cannot be confirmed until the context is restored. For the meaning of šarkiwal(i)-, see the corresponding lemma Luwian in Hittite Transmission below.

[D.S.]

The lemma šarkiwal(i)- represents an adjective in -āl(i)- derived from a suffix -wa(/i)-, for this suffix chain, see Rieken & Sasseville 2014a:307. Furthermore, it is noteworthy that there is a morpheme -i- (most likely the nominal suffix -i-) between the root and the suffix chain -wal(i)-, just as in CLuw. maraḫšiwal(i)- and Pal. kuliwali-.

[D.S.]

This lexeme is found in the festival text of the Storm-god of Zippalanda, in various purification rituals (notably the one of Tunnawiya (CTH 409) and the one of CTH 767, both of Luwian origin), and perhaps once in a festival text of Ḫuwaššanna.

[D.S.]

nom. sg. c.	šar-ki-wa-li-iš	KUB 20.96 iv 10	(CTH 635, NS)
	šar-k[i-wa-l]i-iš	KUB 9.34 iii 13’	(CTH 409, NS)
nom. pl. c. (Hitt.)	šar-ki-wa-li-ia-aš	KUB 35.145 ii 4’	(CTH 767, NS)
acc. pl. c. (Hitt.)	šar-ki-wa-li-e-eš	KBo 17.54 i 13’	(CTH 458, MS)
	šar-ki-wa-li-i-e-eš	IBoT 3.102, 2’	(CTH 409, NS)
	[šar-ki-wa-li-]˹e˺-eš	KUB 17.15 ii 12’	(CTH 767, NS)
	šar-ki-wa-li-iš	KUB 35.145 ii 16’	(CTH 767, NS)
	šar-ki-w[a-li-	HT 6 obv. 6’	(CTH 409, NS)
	šar-ki-u-wa-li-i-e-eš	KUB 9.4 iii 45’	(CTH 409, NS)
	šar-ki-wa-li-aš	KUB 17.15 iii 4’	(CTH 767, NS)
	šar-ki[-wa-li-aš]	KBo 53.217, 3’	(CTH 767, NS)
	˹šar-ki-u-wa-li-ia-aš˺	KUB 9.34 iv 1’	(CTH 409, NS)
	šar-ki[-wa-li-…	KUB 9.34 i 25’	(CTH 409, NS)
nom./acc. pl.	[šar-]ki-wa-la	KBo 29.194, 3’	(CTH 694, LNS)

The constituent šar-ki-wa-li-ia-aš na-ak-ki-ia-aš (KUB 35.145 ii 4’, also in KUB 9.34 iv 1’) is definitely acc. pl. (i.e. the direct object) and thus, the use of the Hitt. dat./gen. pl. ending is erroneous. The sign 〈an〉 before ˹šar-ki-u-wa-li-ia-aš˺ (KUB 9.34 iv 1’) is more likely to be a mater lectionis (to specify the vowel quality) for the sign 〈kán〉 of the previous word rather than the determinative DINGIR (pace Hutter 1988a:40, CHD Š:268). The tentative restoration of the nom./acc. pl. n. follows CHD Š:268.

[D.S.]

The adjective šarkiwal(i)- is used to describe the nakkiu-demons as well as the Storm-god of Zippalanda, who is in a hostile state. On contextual grounds, CHD Š:267f. suggests the meaning ‘vengeful, seeking retribution (?)’ (followed by Fuscagni 2017b, Rieken & Sasseville 2019a:527 and García Ramón 2019a), which supersedes previous attempts such as Hutter 1988a:41 “heavy”, Eichner 1979a:61 “insulted”, Oettinger 1979a:251 n. 26 “aufgebracht”. Melchert (CLL:190) and Tischler (HEG S:905) left it untranslated.

[D.S.]

For the stem analysis, see under the Cuneiform Luwian lemma above.

[D.S.]

A Luwian origin is rightly posited by Melchert (CLL:190). This is made clear by the suffix chain -wal(i)- or simply by the Luwian adjective suffix -āl(i)-. Its occurrence in a Luwian passage (see above) is also taken as evidence for its Luwian origin.

[D.S.]

For the lemma head see CLuw. *šark-.