/hastana(/i)-/, (*314)ha-sa-ta-na-

‘support’

Language: Hieroglyphic Luwian
Grammar: subst
ID: 2651

1. Individual Anatolian Languages

1.1 Hieroglyphic Luwian

‘support’

1.1.1Transmission

This lexeme is attested three times in two inscriptions from Karkamiš and Tell Ahmar, dating to maximally the late 10^th to the mid-8^th century BCE.

[A.P.]

1.1.2Forms

abl./instr.	/hastanadi/	(*314)ha-sa-ta-na-ti-i	TELL AHMAR 6, §24 (Tell Ahmar)
		*314-sa-tá-na-ti	CEKKE, §6b (Karakamiš)
		*314-sa-ta-na-ti	TELL AHMAR 6, §6 (Tell Ahmar)

[A.P.]

1.1.3Graphic Features

1.1.3.1Phonological Interpretation

The phonological interpretation of this lexeme only became possible when TELL AHMAR 6 was excavated, featuring a fully syllabic rendition of the word, see Hawkins 2006a:21. Its new-found shape strongly suggests an etymological connection with /has(s)(a/i^?)-/ ‘force’ and /hastal(i)-/ ‘hero’ and their cognates.

Because of the lack of other unambiguous attestations for the postulated value 〈ha_x〉 for the sign *314, it remains a question of interpretation whether, in such partly logographic, partly phonetic spellings as here, it is used as a logogram or as a phonogram.

[AH.B.] [A.P.]

1.1.4Meaning

The meaning ‘support, assistance’ was assigned by Hawkins 2006a:21, 28 on the basis of the contexts of attestation. Since then, the likely etymological link with /has(s)(a/i^?)-/ ‘force’ and its word family have lent additional support to his initial interpretation. The relevant passage in TELL AHMAR 6, §6 runs: […]-wa/i (OCCIDENS)i-pa-ma-si-zi ARHA DELERE-nu-sà-ha *a-mi-ia-ti (DOMINUS)na-ní-ia-ti *314-sa-ta-na-ti, approx. /…=wa ibamassinzi ahha marnusahha ammiyadi nanniyadi hastanadi/, translating as ‘[And^?] I destroyed the western (ones, scil. enemies) with my lord’s support’, cf. Hawkins 2006a:13.

[AH.B.]

1.1.5Stem

The available attestations do not provide a clear view of the stem, and the word so far has no exact cognates in the other Anatolian languages. While the derivational suffix appears to be /-an-/ (for which see e.g. Melchert 2003b:197), it remains unclear whether it is a stem in /°a-/ or /°i-/, and what grammatical gender it has. What is clear, however, is that the lexeme derives from an unattested stem /hast(a/i^?)-/, which has served as the derivational base for at least one more lexeme, viz. /hastal(i)-/ ‘hero’, cf. Starke 1990a:124.