/has(s)(a/i?)-/, (“*314”)ha-sá-
‘force (?)’
- Language
- Hieroglyphic Luwian
- Grammar
- subst
- ID
- 2650
1. Individual Anatolian Languages
1.1 Hieroglyphic Luwian
/has(s)(a/i?)-/, (“*314”)ha-sá-
‘force (?)’1.1.1Transmission
This hapax is attested in a single inscription from Karkamiš, dating to the 10th or early 9th century BCE.
[A.P.]
1.1.2Forms
| abl./instr. | /has(s)adi/ | (“*314”)ha-sá-ti-i | KARKAMIŠ A11b+c, §30 (Karkamiš) |
[A.P.]
1.1.3Graphic Features
1.1.3.1Phonological Interpretation
The phonological interpretation of this lexeme is tentative, because it is attested only once. Following Meriggi 1967b:68 in his contextual interpretation, Starke 1990a:123f. posits a connection with CLuw. ḫaš- ‘bone’ and Hittite ḫaštāi- ‘bone’, strongly supporting the interpretation adopted here.
[AH.B.]
1.1.4Meaning
The meaning ‘force’ is assigned tentatively by Starke 1990a:123f., following a contextual interpretation by Meriggi 1967b:68 of the abl./instr. form as ‘by force’, also because the instrumental of Hittite ḫaštāi- ‘bone’ can be used with this meaning. It is fully cogent in the passage in KARKAMIŠ A11b+c, §30: za-pa-wa/i-tá URBS+MI-ni-i-na *a-mu kwa/i+ra/i-i IMAGNUS+ra/i-TONITRUS-ta-sa-za INFANS.NEPOS-sa-za (“*314”)ha-sá-ti-i ARHA CAPERE-ha, approx. /zan=ba=wa=tta …-nin ammu kwadi Uratarhuntassanz hamsanz has(s)adi ahha lahha/, probably meaning ‘Since I (personally) took away this city from Uratarhunta’s grandsons by force’ (Hawkins 2000a:104). This interpretation has found acceptance among scholars, but requires further textual evidence beyond the single attestation known so far.
[AH.B.]
1.1.5Stem
The stem formation of this word does not become readily apparent from the attested abl./instr. form in KARKAMIŠ A11b+c, §30. If it should turn out to be a full cognate of CLuw. ḫaš- n. ‘bone’ (see CLL:62), which is likely but so far unprovable, it would be a neuter gender consonantal stem. Alternatively, it may have received a thematic vowel, resulting in a stem /has(s)a-/ if neuter, or /has(s)(i)-/ if common gender. Further textual evidence is needed.
[AH.B.]
For the lemma head see HLuw. */has(t)-/.