/warwalan(a)-/

This noun is attested once in an inscription from Tell Ahmar, dating to the late 10^th or early 9^th century BCE.

[AH.B.]

nom./acc. sg.

/urwalan=za/

(“*471”)u!-ru-wa/i-tà-za

ALEPPO 2, §16 (Tell Ahmar)

The reading of the first phonetic sign in ALEPPO 2, §16 follows Meriggi (HHG:139). Hawkins 2000a:236 tentatively reads 〈(“*471”)(m)u^?-ru-wa/i-tà-za〉, but from the photograph it cannot be said with certainty that the first sign is 〈mu〉 (*107) and not 〈u〉 (*105). The signs only differ in *107 containing four short vertical strokes within the shape of *105, tying it to the range of the M-signs. Because of the connection with the GKW warwalan(a)- ‘seed, progeny’, the reading of the sign as 〈u〉 is preferable, which Hawkins 2000a:238 also mentions.

[AH.B.]

Despite only a single attestation, the meaning of the noun is clear, both because of its cognate link with CLuw. warwalan(a)- ‘seed’ as well as its context of attestation in HLuw. In ALEPPO 2, §16, the relevant clause is part of the apodosis of the curse formula: (“TERRA”)ta-sà-kwa/i+ra/i-ti-pa-wa/i-ta (“*471”)u^!-ru-wa/i-tà-za ní-i SUPER+ra/i-a PES-wa/i-ti, approx. /taskwaradi=ba=wa=tta urwalan=za ni sarra awidi/, meaning ‘The seed shall not come up for him (scil. whoever damages the installation) from the earth!’

[AH.B.]

The shape of the stem is assumed to be /warwala(n)-/, tallying with the CLuw. evidence for the word (CLL:261 with discussion), which is based on the CLuw. equivalent. Outdated is Rieken 2008b:645, who analysed the stem as ending in the suffix /-ada-/, which is theoretically possible. However, in the face of the CLuw. evidence for warwalan(a)-, it is more economical to assume that a hypercorrection has taken place, cf. the discussion in the phonological interpretation above.

[AH.B.]

Within the Cuneiform Luwian corpus, the word is transmitted only as a logogram, occurring in the Puriyanni ritual and the Kuwattalla tradition (from MS onwards).

[E.R.]

nom./acc. sg.	NUMUN-an	KUB 35.21 obv. 25’	(CTH 761, MS)
nom./acc. pl.	NUMUNḪI.A-n[a]	KUB 35.54 ii 31’	(CTH 758, MS)
	[NUM]UNḪI.A-˹na˺	KBo 29.2 ii 9’	(CTH 758, MS)

For the meaning, see under /war(ru)walan(a)-.

[E.R.]

For a dicussion of the stem, see under /war(ru)walan(a)-.

[E.R.]

The syllabic spelling is limited to New Hittite historical texts, while logographic attestations may well belong to a cognate or entirely different Hittite lexeme. The attestation of the lexeme without gloss wedges occurs exclusively in the NS Bronze Tablet.

[E.R.]

gen. sg.	˹wa˺-ar-ru-wa-la-˹na˺-aš	KUB 21.37, 13’	(CTH 85, NS)
dat./loc. sg.	wa-ar-wa-la-ni	KBo 4.10 rev. 22, 24	(CTH 106, NS)
	wa-ar-wa-la-ni	Bo 86/299 iii 2, 6, 16, iv 24	(CTH 106, NS)
erg. sg.	wa-ar-wa-la-na-an-te-eš	KBo 4.10 rev. 25	(CTH 106, NS)

DLL:108 and HEG U-Z:375 list wa-ar-wa-la-na-an-te-eš as nom. pl. Kronasser’s   (Kronasser 1962b:216) interpretation that “damit die wirksame Kraft zum Ausdruck komm[t], daß eben nur bestimmte Nachkommen (des Ulmitešup) die Herrschaft haben sollen” is of little help. However, unless the singular verb of the clause ḫardu features one of the very rare cases of semantic agreement, the subject warwalananteš has to be classified as a singular form (with i-mutation) as well (thus CLL:261).

[E.R.]

Due to the similarity of the Cuneiform signs LA and AT, the reading of the gloss wedge word (wa-ar-wa-at-n° or wa-ar-wa-la-n°) was discussed up until the 1990s (see HEG U-Z:375-378, where the history of research is reported). However, an n-stem warwalan- seems to be accepted now (DLL:108, HW:247, CLL:261, HEG U-Z:375, HHw:197, EDHIL:980, Ünal 2007a:792). Support comes from the related derivative ^DWarwaliya- with -l- (CLL:262) and the nom./acc. pl. n. NUMUN-na, built on a stem ending in -n- (EDHIL:980) or -na- (see under Stem), but incompatible with a stem in **-attar/-at(ta)n- (suggested by van Brock 1962a:105, followed in Starke 1990a:479-484, van den Hout 1995a:20 and 26, Oettinger 1995b:49), whose plural would have ended in -at(ta)ra, instead.

[E.R.]

Based on the switch within KBo 4.10 (obv. 11’ and rev. 24f.), warwalani was recognized as the syllabic equivalent of NUMUN ‘seed, progeny’ already in 1922 by Sommer 1922a:58 n. 1. Further confirmation was offered later by parallel passages in the Ulmi-Teššup treaty (KBo 4.10 rev. 21-25) and the Bronze Tablet (Bo 86/299 iii 1-6, iii 14-16, iv 23f.), see the list in Starke 1990a:481. The meaning as given has entered the handbooks: DLL:108, HW:247, Starke 1990a:479, CLL:261, HEG U-Z:375, HHw:s.v., EDHIL:980, Ünal 2007a:792.

[E.R.]

It is generally agreed that the stem (or, in the case of Starke 1990a:479, at least the oblique stem) ends in -n-. In principle, also a neuter a-stem war(ru)walan(a)- with nom./acc. sg. n. war(ru)walanan is possible as well. Neither proposal is attractive from the point of view of the history of stem formation, but since Luwian neuter stems with -an- suffix are disyllabic and, therefore, probably primary derivatives, war(ru)walan(a)- is favored here and analyzed as warwa-la-n(a)-.

[E.R.]

A Luwian origin is suggested by the use of gloss wedges in several instances and the use of i-mutation, as well as the existence of a Hieroglyphic Luwian cognate, i.e. (“*471”)u^!-ru-wa/i-tà-za /w(a)rwalanza/. In addition to the literature already cited in this lemma entry, see Melchert 2005a:450f. and van den Hout 2006a:240.

[E.R.]

For the lemma head see CLuw. *warwa/i-.